The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

基于随机森林结合前向序列选择算法的铁路隧道防水板检测数据关键影响因素识别北大核心

针对参数特征复杂度高的铁路产品,提出了一种基于随机森林(RF)结合前向序列选择(SFS)算法的铁路产品检验检测数据关键影响因素识别方法,以辅助基于经验的识别方法。创新使用RF-SFS算法,将其应用于铁路隧道防水板检验检测数据关键影响因素的识别研究。根据多年铁路隧道防水板检测数据,建立RF模型,获得了影响铁路隧道防水板检测结果的特征关键性评分序列。随后,结合SFS方法得出关键性评分序列的阈值,将排名前6位的影响因素识别为关键特征,模型的预测能力达到99.98%。为验证关键特征识别方法的有效性,对比分析3种模型在使用不同特征子集时的预测能力。当仅选用关键特征时,3种模型的预测能力均达到最佳,加入冗余特征后模型的预测能力逐渐降低。     

城市轨道交通甩站开通运营的信号系统实施方案

在城市轨道交通线路开通过程中,如存在受外界条件影响而不能按期开通的地铁车站,需采用甩站的方式进行开通。秉承对原设计方案变更最小化原则,对信号系统的各个子系统实施方案进行研究,以达到满足甩站运营的实际开通需求。     

面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

重载铁路四线高墩连续梁桥的设计

神瓦(神木—瓦塘)铁路冯家川车站大桥为重载铁路四线桥,主桥采用4线(65+100+65)m连续梁,最大墩高85 m.桥上线间距大,上下部结构横向尺寸较大,利用有限元分析软件BSAS,MIDAS/FEA对结构受力进行了计算分析.结果表明:在主梁梁高相同的情况下,采用单箱三室截面能更好地减小主应力,采用单箱双室截面增加腹板厚度对主应力的改善有限;多线桥桥墩横向尺寸较大,空心截面设置纵肋板能很好地提高高墩的局部稳定性;主梁及桥墩各项计算指标均满足规范要求.     

兰新高速铁路高寒地段路基温度场数值模拟分析

兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间所处地区海拔高,气温低,冻结期长,属于深季节性冻土区。为解决该区间路基冻害问题,依据当地气候条件,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对低路堤、零断面换填路基及不同深度处铺设保温材料的路基温度场进行数值模拟,分析路基冻结深度的变化规律和最大冻结深度,为高寒区高速铁路路基冻害防治措施设计提供参考。研究表明:(1)由于兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间海拔高、冬季冻结时间长、气温低等原因,导致路基冻结深度大;(2)零断面换填路基实测地温和数值模拟计算结果基本相符,所选计算模型、参数等可以为其他相同条件断面数值模拟分析采用;(3)铺设保温板路基温度场较未铺设保温板的0℃线上移,冻结深度增加速率变小,最大冻结深度明显减小,路基保温效果较好;(4)由于路基边坡、基床以下部位土层性质、厚度、热物理参数等影响,低路堤最大冻结深度比零断面换填路基大。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

O′ZBEKISTON型机车单元制动器的技术难点及解决方案

文章分析了装用抱轮缘铸铁闸瓦的O′ZBEKISTON型机车用单元制动器的研制技术难点,通过理论分析提出了解决方案。型式试验及线路运行实践证明该单元制动器能够满足O′ZBEKISTON型机车的运用要求。     

比例先行数字PID控制器的仿真

主要描述了通过比例先行的PID控制器,使用采样控制系统对惯性热工对象进行控制这一过程的仿真,并对仿真结果进行了简单的分析.     

CMOS集成电路功耗分析及其优化方法

电子产品功耗的大小不仅限制了便携设备电池使用时间，也在一定程度上影响着设备性能。研究降低功耗的电路设计技术意义重大。CMOS集成电路功耗的物理来源主要有两种：由于CMOS管工作状态变化而引起的动态功耗和由于漏电流而产生的静态功耗。针对决定功耗大小的具体因素，从制造工艺和具体设计角度，讨论了几种降低CMOS集成电路功耗技术。