The Teachable Moments on Marine Mammal Tours: Watching versus Swim-With Tours

With the continuing growth of the tourism industry over recent decades, has come a change in tourist behavior from the traditional stereotypical 3-S tourist (sun, sand, sex) to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding tourist. These “new” tourists like to learn about history, nature, and wildlife, and they expect an educational component on wildlife tours. This study investigated swim-with-dolphin tours in Kaikoura, New Zealand with regard to the educational content and the overall anatomy of these tours, using data from observations on a total of 32 tours during December 2011. The resulting data were then compared with the data from Hrycik and Forestell's study, which investigated the content of questions asked by passengers on whale-watching tours in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Results of the on-tour observations indicate that the surveyed tours display a structured approach to interpretation, which is customized to the specific tour anatomy of a “swim-with” tour, and varies in some parts significantly from “watch-only” tour interpretation.     

基于分形海面模型的海杂波散射特性分析

雷达工作时会受到周围环境的影响。当雷达探测海上目标时,海杂波是影响雷达的主要因素,所以对海杂波的研究能够有效地减少其对有用信号的干扰。论文利用分形模型建立随机海面,根据成熟的基尔霍夫近似法的计算公式与标准大气情况下的 GIT 经验模型,实现了在不同海况下散射系数的曲线图。     

浅谈轴系校中计算及Nauticus Shaft Alignment软件的应用

本文以介绍轴系校中的计算方法为主,同时简单介绍Nauticus Shaft Alignment软件在计算过程中的应用。轴系校中的目的在于通过调整各轴承的合理位置,使各个轴承上的负荷在各种工况下均能合理分配。     

哈大高铁影响下东北城市群交通网络空间结构特征研究

哈大高铁的运行缩短了东北城市群之间的相对距离,优化了东北城市群城市交通网络空间结构.通过建立向心性分形模型以及相关性分形模型,以交通距离代替空间的实际距离来研究城市群之间分形特征,通过城市间高速铁路时间距离和高速公路时间距离进行对比,计算高铁开通前后东北城市群交通空间聚集维数和空间关联维数,分析东北城市群交通网络空间结...     

共同配送实施分形管理的策略研究

传统的以配送企业为基本单元,以层递方式进行决策管理的共同配送模式难以适应个性化、快捷化的市场要求。从分析企业分形管理的实质入手,剖析了企业分形元的结构及其活动空间,对分形元进行划分,明确了分形元的运作模式和交流机制。并基于共同配送的内涵,阐明共同配送合作机构的层次性、自相似的结构特点,最后提出共同配送实施分形管理的策略。     

分段施工PC梁桥线形的分形预测方法

充分考虑到分段施工PC梁桥施工阶段线形变化的非线形,复杂性和随机性,提出一种基于分形理论的节段线形预测方法。采用滚动选取预测样本降低原始误差累计的方法,建立了节段施工线形预测理论模型。将此模型应用于黄河大桥悬臂施工线形预测控制中,按节段施工周期依次预测下一节段的线形指标,结果证实了分段施工PC梁桥线形变化的分形特征,与实测和理论值相比,预测值具有较高的工程精度。     

基于分形插值方法的城市轨道交通车站客流拟合与仿真

城市轨道交通车站客流量的变化具有复杂的非线性特点,通过对某些车站一天的客流量时间序列的分析,发现其客流量的变化具有自相似性,并且满足某种拟周期性。本文采用迭代函数系统模型描述城市轨道交通车站客流量的变化特征,用计算机自动求解该迭代函数系统的相关参数,在此基础上采用分形插值的方法模拟产生动态的客流。通过与实际客流调查数据的对比分析可以看出,该方法模拟产生的客流不仅与实际客流较好地吻合,而且能更好地描述客流的非线性特征。     

INVESTIGATION ON FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WORN SURFACES OF POLYMER TAPES BY SAND DUST PARTICLES

Objective To characterize the abrasive wear of polymer tapes in ATM （Auto Teller Machine） servicing in sand dust environment. Aethods The abrasive wear experiment of polymer tapes, PEN （polyethylene-2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate） and PI （polyimide）, by sand dust particles is performed in ATM tribosystem. The fractal characteristics of the worn surface of polymer tapes and the corresponding wear mechanisms are examined. ReSults As main results, the worn surfaces of polymer tapes show bi-fractal characteristics, and PI tape shows higher fractal dimensions and finer wear profiles than PEN tape. Wear mechanism examination shows macro and micro ploughing and cutting grooves and micro fracture characters, which gives reasonable explanation of bi-fractal character of worn polymer tapes. Conclusion Worn polymer tape shows fractal character and bi-fractal can be used in accurately characterizing the abrasive wear of polymer tapes of ATM in sand dust environment.     

岩石破裂分维空间及强度尺寸效应研究

从岩石材料破裂时所储能量损耗范围的角度,提出了岩石材料破裂分维空间的概念,通过这一概念,讨论了岩石材料强度尺寸效应的定量关系和机理。     

基于分形理论的气缸套磨损表面特征形貌表征

基于分形维数和多重分形谱理论,以不同工况下镀铬气缸套—PVD活塞环摩擦磨损试验试样为对象,通过三维共聚焦激光扫描显微镜获取磨损表面的二维灰度图像,并将其转化成黑白二值图像,采用盒维数法测算缸套磨损表面的分形维数,运用多重分形谱测算谱宽度,定量表征气缸套磨损表面的形貌特征和表面的高度均一性。结果表明,气缸套磨损表面具有明显的分形特征,且为一重分形。表面越粗糙,分形维数越小,分形谱宽度值越大。