Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

钢弹簧浮置板浸水时的减振效果实测分析

对某地铁状态正常的钢弹簧浮置板段、一侧隔振器浸水段、两侧隔振器浸水段和普通整体道床段的过车响应进行现场实测。结果分析表明,钢弹簧浮置板作为特殊减振轨道结构,具有良好的减振效果。状态正常的浮置板相对于普通整体道床减振效果可达16.8 d B(隧道壁Z计权振级插入损失),随着浸水量的增加,减振效果逐渐减弱,分别为9.8d B(一侧浸水)、0.6 d B(两侧浸水)。浸水对16~200 Hz频段的减振效果影响明显,对16 Hz以内频段的减振效果基本没有影响。     

城市交通投资的消费者福利评价

城市交通中多种出行方式共存等特性使传统的成本一效益分析法难以分析出交通投资产生的效果。文中假设发生在各起讫点问的交通出行是1个消费者代表的出行选择结果,推导一般均衡条件下交通服务供应水平变化与消费者剩余之间的关系。通过Logit模型模拟方式选择得到需求函数,结果显示交通投资产生的消费者福利与交通方式选择集的最大效用的期望值有关,表明以离散选择模型为基础的福利评价方法适用于多种交通投资的效果评价,包括交通方式选择集发生变化的情况。     

某三塔斜拉桥动力特性分析

某大桥是国内首座三塔斜拉桥,结构形式复杂。该文首先建立了大桥的三维有限元动力分析的三主梁模型,采用大型有限元通用分析程序ANSYS对该桥的动力特性进行了分析,并给出了结构的自重效应对固有动力特性的影响。结果表明,这类斜拉桥结构的自重效应对整体固有频率影响很小。     

快速公交客流量影响因素解释结构模型构建与应用

针对当前交通拥堵、能源紧张、尾气污染等一系列问题,为加快快速公共交通的发展、提高公共交通利用率,本文找出了影响快速公交客流的主要因素,利用系统工程学中的ISM方法,构建了快速公交客流系统解释结构模型,通过分析探讨快速公交客流的主要影响因素,进而明确了各因素间的清晰结构,得到影响快速公交客流量的5级递阶结构;最后找出影响快速公交客流因素的各影响因素.通过影响因素,建立了多元回归模型,从影响程度、影响方向、影响时期分别归类分析.通过分析各层级因素对快速公交客流量的影响,可引导更多居民选择快速公交出行,对缓解交通压力提供了一定方法指导和决策支持.并通过合理分析为快速公交运输服务提出了建议.     

AC4000交流传动电力机车的研制

从基本特点、总参数、设备布置、电气原理和机车特性等简要介绍了ＡＣ４０００交流传动电力机车、该型机车研制成功对我国铁路电气化事业的发展具有重要意义。     

海拉尔～满洲里一级公路总体设计

海拉尔～满洲里一级公路是交通运输部第二批示范项目,是内蒙古自治区第一个公路示范工程.因其地处草原地区,故被称为“草原示范第一路”.通过海满公路总体设计,介绍新理念在该项目各个环节中的应用情况,对今后草原公路的设计工作起到积极的参考借鉴作用.     

综合交通枢纽车道边交通组织方式研究

针对现代综合交通枢纽车道边的交通组织方式进行研究,结合车站的整体建筑布局、周边路网、交通量等提出了简单、实用和高效的交通组织方式。     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.