硬咬合桩在含承压水复杂软土地层中的应用

通过上海某水厂基坑的咬合桩围护施工,分析了在含承压水的复杂软土地层中采用全套管全回转钻机进行硬切割成孔的咬合式排桩施工易出现的问题,以及采用的相应施工措施和施工要点,保证了工程的施工质量,为以后类似工程施工提供借鉴和参考.     

地铁列车作用下软黏土的动力响应试验研究

土体动力特性的研究对地铁列车荷载作用下软黏土地基变形的控制具有重要意义,通过对广州地铁饱和软黏土进行动三轴试验,研究土体的动强度、动应力-动应变关系和动模量特性。结果表明:(1)在循环荷载作用下,该软黏土的动强度低于45 kPa;稳定型和破坏型的ε_d-N曲线变化规律不一致;(2)在同一动应力幅值作用下,当动应变低于动应变极限值时,频率对动骨干曲线的影响较小;(3)其他条件相同时,在振动中期,频率对动弹性模量的影响较小;在振动后期,动弹性模量的衰减程度随频率的增大而增大;土体动弹性模量随动应力幅值的增大而增大;(4)最后通过Hardin-Drnevich模型验证本文基于实验数据得到的新的归一化的试验参数是合理的,且新模型参数可为该地区同类地铁工程的软黏土动力特性研究提供参考。     

新九燕山隧道主洞与辅助坑道交叉口施工技术

根据包西铁路大断面红黏土隧道新九燕山隧道施工实例,就斜井和大跨度红黏土隧道交叉口施工方案进行选择,并对斜井向正洞施工方法的转化、施工技术措施等进行阐述。     

砂泥岩互层缓倾切向边坡应力特征及变形机理研究

为了更好地分析砂泥岩互层缓倾切向边坡的变形机理情况,以西南某红层边坡为例,基于数值模拟软件建立了软硬互层三维切向地质模型,探讨了边坡开挖、支护后的应力场和位移场。结果表明：砂泥岩互层切向边坡开挖后,边坡XX方向应力和YY方向应力出现了沿切向的锯齿形状,应力分布受岩层切向与互层岩性差异的影响较大,ZZ方向应力几乎不受影响;切向岩层受侧向约束的影响,致使边坡变形出现了层次性,且X方向较为显著,Y方向次之,Z方向最弱;边坡整体变形趋势类似于均质岩坡,呈现圆弧滑动趋势;边坡采用框架锚杆支护,仅起到构造护坡作用,边坡的变形和应力状态并未发生实质性的影响。研究成果对砂泥岩缓倾切向边坡的变形预测和支挡防护具有一定的工程借鉴意义。     

高液限粘土适于直接填筑分类指标研究

从路基的稳定与变形角度出发，研究了高液限粘土适合于直接填筑的土质分类，提出了土的内摩擦角Ф、粘聚力指标c、土质的强度指标CBR、压实度、压缩系数等适合于直接填筑的土质分类的具体指标，并对这些分类指标进行了定量化分析。     

连云港海相软土基本特性与处理方法探讨

根据连云港地区多条高速公路工程的地质资料,并与我国部分沿海地区软土进行对比,分析连云港海相软土的基本物理力学指标统计特征、抗剪强度特性、固结变形特性以及蠕变特性,并介绍了适合于该海相软土的主要地基处理措施。     

A multi-spring model for monopile analysis in soft clays

The offshore wind industry in China has seen a rapid development in recent years and is projected to account for half of global yearly installed capacity in the years to come. Monopiles are a popular foundation solution for supporting offshore wind turbines. However, due to challenging seabed soil conditions, which often feature thick normally consolidated soft clays and harsh environmental loading (i.e. frequent occurrence of typhoons), extremely long monopiles are often designed. The large monopiles are costly to fabricate and install and sometimes kills the viability of the concept in cases where the bedrock is relatively shallow and expensive piling in rock is otherwise required. However, the state-of-practice for designing these monopiles in clays is typically by using the API p-y springs, which are widely known to underestimate soil-pile interaction stiffness and capacity for large diameter monopiles. Improvement to the design method can therefore have significant economic implications to the industry. The paper presents an effort toward this direction. A multi-spring beam-column model suitable for monopile design in soil conditions in China is proposed. The model features three soil spring components, namely the lateral p-y spring, the pile tip base shear s-y spring and rotational m-θ springs along the pile shaft. The validity of the model is verified by a comprehensive suite finite element parametric analyses. Guidance for incorporating the cyclic loading effect into design is also provided. The model proposed in this paper has large potentials for application in design practice.     

Effectiveness of travel time reliability indicators in the light of the assessment of dynamic managed lane strategy

ABSTRACT

The aim of traffic management is to ensure a high quality of service for a maximum number of users by decreasing congestion and increasing safety. Uncertainty of travel times decreases the quality of service and leads end users to modify their plans regardless of the average travel time. Indicators describing travel time reliability are being developed and should be used in the future both for the optimization and for the assessment of active traffic management operations. This article discusses the efficiency of certain reliability indicators in an ex-post assessment of a traffic management strategy. Ex-post assessment is based on an observational before–after study. As some factors other than the studied management strategy may intervene between the two periods, and as most reliability indicators require knowledge of the full travel time distribution and not only its average, a methodology is developed for the identification of the impact of these exogenous factors on the whole distribution. Many reliability indicators are split into different parts allowing the identification of the part due to the management strategy impact. The methodology is tested numerically on a managed lane operation consisting of Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) at rush hour on a section of a French motorway. The variation of some reliability indicators appears misleading, whereas the splitting of the indicators increases our understanding of the strategy and highlights its impact. The paper gives the reliability assessment of the HSR field test and discusses different reliability indicators to identify their potential performances and shortcomings.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。