西韩城际铁路湿陷性黄土地层现场浸水试验研究

在分析西韩城际铁路沿线黄土分布特征的基础上,选取代表性场地开展现场试坑浸水试验。试验结果表明:场地实测最大自重湿陷量为46 mm,仅为室内压缩试验计算值的0.23倍;湿陷土层厚度15 m,除Q;黄土全部具有湿陷性外,Q;上部黄土亦具有湿陷性;地表水自然入渗深度超过50 m,浸润角约为40°,浸润范围约为浸水试坑直径的1.7倍。对现场实测值和室内计算值差异原因进行深入分析,得出在黄土结构未完全破坏之前,发生过湿陷的土体在特定条件下还有可能再次湿陷的结论。     

Coupled transport-reaction pathways and distribution patterns between siliciclastic-carbonate sediments at the Ria de Vigo

This paper examines the linkages between the space-distribution of grain sizes and the relative percentage of the amount of mineral species that result from the mixing process of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments at the Ria de Vigo (NW of Spain).The space-distribution of minerals was initially determined, starting from a detailed mineralogical study based on XRD-Rietveld analysis of the superficial sediments. Correlations between the maps obtained for grain sizes, average fractions of either siliciclastic or carbonates, as well as for individual-minerals, were further stabilised. From this analysis, spatially organized patterns were found between carbonates and several minerals involved in the siliciclastic fraction. In particular, a coupled behaviour is observed between plagioclases and carbonates, in terms of their relative percentage amounts and the grain size distribution.In order to explain these results a conceptual model is proposed, based on the interplay between chemical processes at the seawater–sediment interface and hydrodynamical factors. This model suggests the existence of chemical control mechanisms that, by selective processes of dissolution-crystallization, constrain the mixed environment's long-term evolution, inducing the formation of self-organized sedimentary patterns.     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

海流作用下沉管—双驳船沉放系统沉放过程的阻力特性分析

文章通过CFD方法对海流作用下沉管管节与双驳船组成的沉放系统在不同沉放水深时的阻力进行分析,采用RANS方程和SST k-ε湍流模型,利用试验结果验证所用模型和方法的正确性。结合沉放过程三个典型工况,分析90°来流时的流场变化对阻力特性变化产生的影响。结果表明数值结果与试验结果差异较小,驳船和沉管之间的相对位置、沉管沉放深度对流阻力大小影响较大。     

氯离子在混凝土中渗透行为的研究

文章在干湿循环和全浸泡两种条件下，研究了氯离子在混凝土中的渗透性能，并考虑扩散系数随时间变化的因素．为准确地预测实际工况混凝土结构的使用寿命提供参考。     

富水砂卵层基坑封闭降水与回灌工程关键技术

根据济南泉域富水砂卵石地层特点,通过文献调查、理论分析、现场实测,并借助数值模拟计算,分析并优化基坑下卧弱隔水层注浆加固方案,得到注浆加固质量控制技术要点,提出端头井土体加固与封闭止水帷幕下辅助降水的关键技术,研发基坑降水回灌一体化系统及配套装备,攻克传统回灌技术存在的抽灌分离、回灌效率低、运维成本高等施工难题,阐述回灌水质处理、自动加压回灌及水位联动回灌等关键技术创新点,改良回灌井过滤器设置及止水段施工技术,形成富水砂卵层基坑封闭降水与回灌工程关键技术,对推广基坑降水与回灌工程的绿色化、信息化、智能化有一定指导作用。     

沙漠地区涵洞轻型井点降水施工技术

S313线兰嘎段LJ-11标位于内蒙占南部毛乌素沙漠腹地.地层为粉细砂.为完成涵洞基坑开挖任务.经方案比选采取轻型井点降水措施.主要介绍轻型井点降水的施工设计、井点管安设、降水、施工注意事项等内容,并分析了影响降水的各种因素.提出了改进降水效果的有效途径和措施,对类似工程有借鉴意义.     

碳钢、低合金钢全浸没海洋环境下最大点蚀深度简化模型

腐蚀是导致老龄船舶结构失效的主要原因之一。结合基本点蚀原理,文章对碳钢、低合金钢海水全浸没点蚀的主要影响因素、具体点蚀进程做了简要解释与评述。基于Melchers点蚀深度模型及其相关实验数据,文中提出一种简化形式的新型点蚀最大深度模型,并采用该模型对三组我国船舶结构常用碳钢、低合金钢的青岛海域全浸没点蚀试验观测数据进行分析。通过对比验证,证明采用Weibull函数表示点蚀最大深度随时间变化关系是合适的。此外,依据青岛、厦门、榆林海域碳钢试验数据,文中还对海水环境因素,如:溶解氧浓度、平均温度、盐度、PH值等,以及钢材成分变化对新型最大点蚀深度模型各参数的影响进行了初步探讨,得出了相应的函数关系式及相关结论。     

Fe—Mo合金的时效析出行为

用 X 射线、电子衍射及透射电镜观察等方法研究了 Fe-27Mo 及 Fe-16Mo 合金的时效析出行为.结果发现,在873～1453K 时效时.时效初期,两种合金中均有一种新的过渡相——R 相析出.随时效进行,过渡相 R 将向平衡相μ(1213～1453K)或 Laves(873～1213K)转度.过渡相 R 为菱形点阵,点阵常数α=0.8977nm,α=74.4°,其 Mo 含量为48%,呈棒状或块状形态析出.时效初期由于过渡相 R 的析出引起合金硬化.     

富水软土地区深基坑降水施工技术

针对富水软土地质深基坑开挖,为确保安全,通过抽水试验,分析确定降水参数,在保证降水效果的前提下,减少降水井,方便了后续施工,节省了工程费用,提高了经济效益。