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ABSTRACTThe need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics. 相似文献
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针对小松PC200挖掘机出现的动臂自动下降故障,按照由易到繁的步骤逐步分析了故障发生的原因,并且提出了在故障排除中应注意的问题. 相似文献
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软件安全是舰载信息系统设计、开发、使用、维护中需要考虑的重要问题,从舰载信息系统安全体系出发,讨论软件安全威胁和软件安全阶段的划分,提供一些有效的软件安全措施。 相似文献
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铁路冷藏车不稳定传热反应系数法的研究与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于铁路冷藏车在结构、运行环境等方面与普通建筑相比存在较大区别,故传热特性不同,反应系数差异大。使用反应系数法研究铁路冷藏车的不稳定传热过程,利用计算机辅助分析方法对冷藏车围护结构的不稳定传热进行数值计算,考察不同车速、不同方程根项数以及不同反应系数项数等对冷藏车负荷计算精度的影响。研究表明:冷藏车运行速度对整体计算精度影响不大,取200 km.h-1时的相关数值最佳;方程根值取至-25,车顶的反应系数项数取至第30项,车壁和车底的反应系数项数取至第15项,即可满足求解精度要求。 相似文献
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通过优化三峡船闸输水阀门运行参数,满足了船舶在一闸室待闸的停泊条件;组织代表船型进行实船试验,形成了连续调度快速安全的调度工艺,取得了在139m水位条件下,三峡船闸下行通航效率提高15%的效果。 相似文献
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