客运专线运输外部成本分析

结合国外高速铁路运输和我国客运专线运输的外部特征,提出客运专线外部成本概念,重点研究客运专线运输外部成本的具体构成并给出相应的计算模型,最后,针对客运专线运输外部成本内部化进行必要性分析。为此,对我国客运专线外部成本的进一步研究以及社会总成本的核算提供参考意见。     

城市轨道交通外部效益内部化分析

由于城市轨道交通有着明显的外部效益,其效益主要流向交通利用者、沿线房地产商或沿线居民,而轨道交通建设及运营的投资方却没有得到相应的外部效益。通过分析城市轨道交通外部效益存在着外溢效应,接着对外部效益内部化的模型进行研究,最后提出城市轨道交通外部效益内部化相关建议。     

社会主义核心价值观和幸福“集合”式教育研究

对人需要的肯定和价值观的认可,把原本属于不同范畴的"幸福"和"社会主义核心价值观"关联在一起。内化社会主义核心价值观可以把幸福教育作为切入点,树立马克思主义幸福观,践行习近平的幸福观,构建契合政治理想、人文价值与人类情感共生的,社会主义核心价值观和幸福理念两相宜的"集合"式教育模式,实现高校思想政治教育政治定位、价值引领与人文导向的统一,促进人的全面发展,让教育真正回归人性和生活。     

Internalization of port congestion: strategic effect behind shipping line delays and implications for terminal charges and investment

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decrease its operation in the other. If the liners are involved in a Stackelberg competition, whether they operate more or less in a terminal under the knock-on effect depends on the comparison between the marginal congestion costs of terminals. Furthermore, we find that the coordinated profit-maximizing terminal charges are higher than both the socially optimal terminal charges and the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges. When the knock-on effect is small, the independent profit-maximizing terminal charges are set at higher levels than the socially optimal terminal charges; but when the knock-on effect is sufficiently large, this relationship may reverse. Besides, the capacity investment rules are the same for welfare-maximizing terminal operator and coordinated profit-maximizing terminal operator, while independent profit-maximizing terminal operators invest less in capacity. The larger the knock-on effect, the larger this discrepancy.     

城市交通外部成本分析及内部化定量方法

从外部性入手,引出了城市交通外部成本的产生机理。并对城市交通中的交通拥挤、空气污染、交通事故这3方面产生的外部成本进行分析,提出了将交通拥挤、空气污染产生的外部成本内部化的方法。并运用算例进行分析,计算结果表明该方法在道路使用者承受能力的前提下是简单易行的。     

Ports,external costs,and Northern Italian transport network design: effects for the planned transformation

Modern ports need to be inserted in an efficient network in order to exploit all their potential, positively affecting both the efficiency of the local markets and the external costs of the served industries. Moreover, the role of the ports within the whole supply chain is affected by the location and the organization of intermediate facilities—such as logistics parks or inland ports—that heavily influence both the effectiveness of the logistics corridors and the externalities generated by the transport industry. New and adequate infrastructures can then reduce congestions, pollution, and accidents smoothing the whole logistics chains. The proposed study aims at discussing the effects in terms of rail share of the different planned interventions that are aimed at increasing the rail capacity of the network under investigation. In order to achieve this goal, a network optimization model has been solved by the optimizer solver of a spreadsheet. Outcomes can be used in order to improve current transport policies that might foster a more efficient and less impacting hinterland transport solution.     

共享单车的外部性分析及发展策略研究

为了厘清共享单车参与各方的权利与义务,更好地发挥市场调节作用,提高资源配置效 率,从共享单车的经济外部性特征入手,运用经济学成本收益理论分析了共享单车的负外部性产 生的原因,论证了共享单车外部成本管理的必要性,最后从外部成本内部化角度,面向政府、企 业和用户分别提出了管理策略,为共享单车的可持续发展提供参考。研究结果表明,共享单车的 正外部性主要体现在促进自行车出行,优化交通结构,促进交通领域节能减排;负外部性主要体 现在挤占道路资源,车辆乱停乱放,安全隐患突出;消减共享单车负外部性的根本手段是控制共 享单车的规模在动态最优投放量附近。在市场价格调节机制失灵的情况下,必须发挥政府的激励 作用,将可持续发展目标、共享单车企业、共享单车使用者紧密联系起来,共同消减共享单车带 来的负外部成本。