基于高低的高速铁路简支梁徐变上拱识别方法

研究目的:现有监测手段难以高效经济地测量高速铁路全线简支梁的徐变上拱量,但可以通过分析轨道动态检测数据实现有效识别。因此,本文选取我国某高速铁路长达7年的检测数据,结合小波分解、极值点搜寻和概率分布拟合,对每一跨简支梁的高低波形进行识别,然后通过波形关键点识别简支梁徐变上拱量,并研究其发展规律。研究结论:(1)波形识别算法对24 m梁和32 m梁的识别准确率分别为94.3%和96.4%;(2)简支梁徐变上拱与混凝土徐变的发展规律相近,利用最小二乘法拟合得到了上拱量发展曲线;(3)在线路开通运营6年后,24 m梁上拱量的中位数在1.5~2.0 mm之间,32 m梁上拱量的中位数在2.0~2.6 mm之间,简支梁徐变上拱的发展趋于平缓,未来的发展空间有限;(4)本研究成果对掌握高铁桥梁变形状态和指导线路养护维修具有参考价值。     

半约束模型试验--一种验证随浪和斜浪中波浪力计算的手段

本文采用半约束模型试验技术，对一条高速船在规则波中随浪和斜浪工况进行了流体动力系列试验，以探讨航运的安全性，验证作用于船体上波浪力的估算方法。对每次试验，以波动方程的形式采用数值估算方法确定环绕船模的波浪运动的时间历程。并用同样的方法从测量数据中提取垂荡和纵摇与模型测量运动，一阶波导纵荡、横荡作用力和首摇力矩。因此合理比较理论计算的波浪力与力矩的时间历程成为可能。这表明SSPA海事动力学的研究所(MDL)模型试验设施可以提供高质量的测量，与所述计算方法结合起来可用来验证理论计算和建立半经验方法。     

磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波传播规律研究

在对Fluent软件进行二次开发的基础上，对磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波进行了三维数值模拟，得出了隧道内的压力波时程曲线。并将隧道内的压力波动情况与列车的运行情况相结合，对压力波在隧道内的传播规律进行了详细的分析和解释，这对磁悬浮铁路隧道的设计提供了理论基础。     

船舶总纵极限强度模糊可靠性研究

本文以模糊数学和结构可靠性基本理论为基础,分析了传统随机可靠性理论的不足,并在常规模糊可靠性理论研究的基础上,利用模糊集合与普通集合之间的转换关系,研究了模糊变量组合时的可靠性计算方法,拓展了模糊可靠性理论的使用范围.通过对模糊可靠度计算结果分析发现,模糊可靠性理论使设计更加科学,更加符合工程实际;模糊变量组合在船舶总纵极限强度可靠性上的应用,避免了传统计算方法由于变量统计数据不足而导致的偏差,减少了很多繁复的数学运算.算例分析验证了本文方法的准确性和实用性.     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

A high order linear model for the prediction of internal lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar

A linear theory for the physical fields in the water column under the action of large amplitude internal lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar is developed. The procedure is a combination of the perturbation and normal modes methods in order to study steady resonant conditions. The lowest order linear approach of the methodology resumes the Taylor–Goldstein equation, which can reconstruct the main features of the observed fields but the high order approach gives the finest structure and sometimes the largest contributions. The role of the non-linear terms is investigated up to the second order taking into account the non-linear interactions between modes, leading to an effective reconstruction of the whole water column for the velocity field.     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

高中速客专和高低速客货共线铁路不同坡段组合的动力学性能之比较研究

本文运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学新理论,仿真计算了列车以不同速度匹配通过不同类型纵断面时动力学性能的各项指标,并且根据现行铁道机车车辆动力学性能评定规范加以评价。结果表明:在本文设定的不同类型纵断面条件下,如单面坡划为多坡段或凹型坡加设分坡平段或凸型坡加设分坡平段,无论是高中速客车还是高低速客货混跑,采用新设计方案计算得到的指标略大于采用原设计方案得到的相应值,但差异不明显;所有方案下,除个别指标外,安全性指标均未超过合格限值,平稳性指标属优良等级。     

船舶操纵仿真中图谱数值化方法的研究

在船舶操纵仿真中涉及大量的图谱转换工作,传统的图谱处理方法在精度和工作量上存在着一对矛盾。本文试图通过应用正弦小波拟合方法来替代传统折线方法,并在某些图谱上得到验证,可望在类似图谱数值化上得到推广和应用,以提高计算精度和减少计算工作量。     

高速铁路桥上无缝线路纵向附加力研究

采用实体单元模拟桥梁及桥梁墩台、空间梁单元模拟钢轨、弹簧单元模拟桥梁与墩台及轨道之间的连接,建立梁—轨纵向相互作用三维有限元空间力学模型。以丰沙线永定河单线铁路桥梁、秦沈线沙河双线铁路桥梁对其进行计算验证。以秦沈客运专线32 m多跨双线整孔简支箱型梁桥为例进行纵向力分析,研究结果表明:列车在桥上双线对开,钢轨挠曲附加力有明显增大;列车在桥上单线制动,四根钢轨的制动附加力有较大的差别;列车在桥上双线对向制动,相比单线制动,钢轨制动附加力有一定程度增大,但增大得并不多。