矩形顶管关键技术研究现状及发展趋势探讨

首先，对矩形顶管技术的发展历程及其国内外研究现状进行综述，介绍当前矩形顶管技术主要的应用场景，并结合顶推力预测、注浆减阻、背土效应演化机制和控制对策、顶进过程中的地层响应模式和沉降计算、工作面稳定性评估等关键技术问题，对矩形顶管的理论研究进展进行回顾和讨论。其次，根据矩形断面掘进机的结构形式和切削方式，对国内外矩形顶管掘进机的开发现状及其分类进行介绍。最后，归纳当前矩形顶管在装备及工程应用领域面临的技术挑战，探讨矩形顶管技术的发展趋势，对矩形顶管装备智能化，矩形曲线顶进，长距离、大断面及复合地层等复杂场景下的矩形顶管技术进行展望。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

某款商用汽车电堆散热系统方案设计

从商用汽车电堆散热系统设计要求的实际角度出发设计系统原理图,从而进行计算匹配及选型零部件,对所选零部件进行仿真校核是否满足最初的设计要求,保证商用汽车电堆散热系统的正常工作。     

船舶动力设备退化基线计算及预测方法

船舶动力设备在自身性能退化过程中的相当长一段时间内仍能完成规定功能,对具有重要特征参数或性能指标的船舶动力设备而言,若使用定基线进行健康状态评估会导致评估值连续较低甚至误报警问题。为了解决这一问题,以目标设备按性能退化时间序列采集的特征参数为研究对象,首先建立退化基线计算方法,利用滑动概率神经网络和性能可靠度与基线值间的转换函数获得目标设备的动态退化基线;然后建立ARMA预测模型获得预测参数,并与退化基线计算方法结合对退化基线发生动态变化的时间节点进行预测;最后利用海水泵对建立的方法可行性进行验证。结果表明,本文建立的退化基线计算方法能够获得动态基线,退化基线预测方法能够对动态基线的变化时间节点进行准确预测。     

掘进机黏性渣土结泥饼机制及聚合物改良研究

针对掘进机在黏性地层中施工刀盘结泥饼的问题，以无锡地铁4号线某矩形顶管工程为例，通过添加不同质量的聚合物对不同含水率的渣土进行改良，测试改良前后渣土的黏附强度、不排水抗剪强度及高温环境下渣土的保水能力，并通过液塑限变化分析渣土改良的机制，借助泥饼形成风险分区图评估泥饼形成的风险与改良效果。研究表明： 1）添加聚合物和水对渣土黏附强度有一定影响，增大含水率能显著降低渣土的黏附强度，当渣土含水率为35%~45%时，添加聚合物能有效降低渣土的黏附强度； 2）含水率的增大会降低渣土的不排水抗剪强度，而添加聚合物能有效增强渣土的不排水抗剪强度，当添胶比达到0.15%后增强效果显著； 3）聚合物能提高渣土的液限和保水能力，保证渣土的流塑性满足施工需要； 4）结合泥饼形成风险分区图，比较渣土-金属界面的黏附强度和渣土的不排水抗剪强度，可以综合判断黏性渣土结泥饼的风险和改良效果。     

我国电力机车及动力车通风系统

简要地说明了我国电力机车及动力车通风系统的发展情况，尤其是交流传动技术对我国电力机车及动力车通风系统的发展的重要影响，同时，还详细分析了各种通风方式的特点，为电力机车及动力车通风系统简统化设计提供了多种选择模式。     

电力机车车轴热处理工艺的研究

分析了EA4T钢的性质特征以及传统调质处理工艺所存在的问题,系统地研究了正火、淬火及回火工艺对材料的组织及性能的影响规律。通过系统的实验,探索出了DJ4型机车车轴的最佳热处理工艺参数。     

烟大铁路轮渡渡船电力推进系统仿真分析

随着计算机仿真技术在工程研究领域的广泛应用,船舶电力系统数字仿真已成为高效的船舶电力系统分析手段.烟大火车渡船采用了当今国际先进的电力推进系统,通过对该系统进行了数字仿真分析,验证了该船电网运行的稳定性和可靠性.     

SS7型客货运电力机车（1）：特点及技术参数

SS7型客货两用相控电力机车采用B_0-B_0-B_0转向架,全叠片复励牵引电动机及相应的主电路和电子控制系统、壳式卧放主变压器、再生制动等多项新技术,具有近代相控机车的先进求平。本文介绍该型机车的基本特点和主要技术参数。     

机车用AC 3 kV真空接触器的设计

基于一般工业用真空接触器的总体布置形式和传动方式，根据机车用真空接触器的结构特点，对机车用ＡＣ３ｋＶ真空接触器的设计原则及设计中的一些问题作了介绍。