隐式代数曲线的有理参数化（Ⅰ）

曲线和曲面的隐式表示和参数表示各有其优点，为了能够利用两种表示方法的优点，必须能够有效地进行曲线曲面的两种表达形式的相互转换，研究隐式代数曲线的有理参数化问题，根据平面二次曲线有理参数化的有关理论，给出并讨论了二次曲线有理参数化的几何和代数算法，研制了相应的软件，所给出的实例，证明了此算法的有效性。     

利用Boussinesq方程对作用于大直径圆筒结构上的波浪力进行数值模拟

采用求解Beji和Nadaoka改进的Boussinesq方程,模拟了波浪在多个串连大圆筒结构前的反射,得到了作用于圆筒结构上的波浪力。空间离散采用有限元方法,可以较好地适应圆筒结构表面形成的复杂边界形状。数值模拟结果与公开发表的物理模型试验成果进行了比较,符合较好。     

组合梁负弯矩区UHPC接缝抗弯性能试验

为提高钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区混凝土桥面板的抗裂性并简化现场施工工艺,提出新型钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区超高性能混凝土（Ultra-high Performance Concrete,UHPC）接缝方案。以湖南省某桥为工程背景,进行1∶2缩尺模型抗弯试验研究;编制截面弯矩-曲率关系MATLAB程序,并与实测值进行对比,验证该程序可用于计算UHPC覆盖下的普通混凝土（NC）中钢筋应力;对现有NC裂缝宽度规范公式进行修正,提出考虑UHPC约束作用的组合梁负弯矩区NC最大裂缝宽度的建议公式;讨论钢-混组合梁桥负弯矩区UHPC湿接缝合理的纵桥向长度,分析UHPC层厚度及层内配筋对抗裂性能的影响。研究结果表明：新型UHPC接缝方案的抗裂性能和抗弯承载能力均满足工程要求,且接缝节点强度高于非接缝区预制部分强度;负弯矩作用下,试件沿梁高的应变较好地满足平截面假定,钢梁与混凝土板及UHPC与NC间的层间滑移量均较小;UHPC裂缝呈现“多而细”的特征,而NC裂缝呈现“少而宽”的特征,预制部分混凝土顶面最先开裂,之后UHPC-NC交界面、UHPC顶面、UHPC覆盖下的NC侧面依次出现裂缝;对于负弯矩区采用UHPC接缝的中小跨径钢-混组合连续梁桥,UHPC层的纵桥向长度宜为20%标准跨径,UHPC层厚度可根据实际工程设计要求确定,增大桥面板内钢筋直径可以提高负弯矩区混凝土的抗裂性能。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

Local joint flexibility of tubular X-joints stiffened with external ring or external plates

In the present paper, the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of the ring-stiffened X-joints and plate-stiffened X-joints under compressive load is investigated. In the first phase, a finite element (FE) model was generated and verified with the results of available experimental tests and equations. In the next phase, a set number of 234 FE models were created to evaluate the role of the external ring size (β_r and τ_r), the external plate size (β_p and τ_p), and the connection geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the LJF factor (f_LJF). In these FE models, the weld connecting the chord and brace members was generated. The results indicated that the f_LJF of a plate stiffened joint can be down to 76% of the f_LJF of the corresponding un-stiffened joint. Also, the effect of the ring size on the f_LJF was more than the effect of the plate size on the f_LJF, because of the stiffener position. Despite the notable effect of the ring and the plate on the f_LJF, there is not any study or formula on tubular connections stiffened with ring or plate. Therefore, the FE results were used to propose two parametric formulas for determining the f_LJF in X-joints with external ring or external plate under brace compressive load. Moreover, the derived formulas were checked based on the UK DoE acceptance criteria.     

非线性扩散作用下一类四阶抛物方程解研究

主要研究相变理论及薄膜润滑理论中出现的一类四阶退化抛物方程,函数及二阶拉普拉斯算子作用下在边界上为0,初始时间为已知函数.通过对时间的半离散,依据椭圆型方程解的存在性,构造逼近解,进而获得相应的抛物方程解的存在性及唯一性.方法上,依赖于对逼近解做半离散迭代估计、能量估计以及紧性讨论.     

基于参数化船型的阻力优化研究

船型几何模型的参数化表达,是船型多学科设计优化的基础。其作用是为各学科分析和优化提供一个统一的几何模型,并根据各学科分析结果自动修改调整船体型线。文中尝试使用Friendship进行船体完全参数化建模,并使用该软件中的feature编程功能编程实现shipflow型值数据的提取;通过改变一系列重要的船型参数实现变换船型几何模型,以获得满足性能需求的船型。最后利用该软件的优化框架,采用切线搜索法 (Tangent Search, TSearch) 完成1300TEU集装箱船的兴波阻力优化,优化球首和前体船体曲面。结果表明,该参数化方法在改进船型水动力性能方面有很好的效果。     

激光焊接夹层板结构设计程序开发

基于U-I型、U-IV型、V-I型、V-IV型4种夹层板结构形式,利用PCL(Patran Command Language)语言对MSC.Patran进行二次开发,设计开发出折叠式夹层板结构设计程序(FEA-LASCOR)。该程序仅需设计者在用户界面简单操作即能够实现夹层板板格快速建模、屈服强度分析、结果处理等功能。验算分析表明FEALASCOR程序具有与传统数值仿真分析一样的精度,并缩短了繁琐的建模工作,显著提高设计分析效率,为夹层板船体结构设计高效、快捷的分析工具。     

大型集装箱船参数横摇模型试验和数值模拟研究

以4000TEU集装箱船为研究对象,通过系列自航模型试验,确定其在迎浪规则波中发生参数横摇的限界。试验结果显示：在迎浪规则波中,参数横摇通常发生在波浪遭遇周期为横摇固有周期一半的附近;对应不同遭遇频率时参数横摇的发生,存在一个临界波高;航速的增加和舭龙骨的安装将使参数横摇发生的临界波高增加;当有初始干扰时,参数横摇发生的临界波高较小。而且,数值模拟结果与模型试验结果比较吻合。     

一种螺旋桨参数化建模方法

对螺旋桨进行优化时,需要建立起优化计算的样本空间,即要实现初始桨的参数化建模。本文基于贝塞尔曲线拟合原理编程实现了螺旋桨的参数化建模,对螺旋桨的径向参数分布分别用一条贝塞尔曲线进行拟合,曲线的控制点通过遗传算法寻优求得。文中以4382桨为例,对其进行参数化建模,讨论了三、四、五、六阶贝塞尔曲线的拟合效果,发现三阶贝塞尔曲线拟合光顺性最好、拟合平均误差可以控制在0.3%以内,而且控制点个数较少,最适合拟合螺旋桨径向参数分布。最后通过调整三次贝塞尔曲线控制点的位置调整了原桨叶的几何形状,得到光顺性较好的新桨叶模型,表明该参数化建模方法合理。