基于可靠性方框图与蒙特卡洛仿真的船舶配电网可靠性分析方法

国船舶工业发展迅速,尤其在近几年迎来了跨越式的发展。船舶建设工业的发展能充分体现一个国家的经济和国防建设水平。但船舶配电网拓扑结构与陆上电网不尽相同,其运行环境非常恶劣,供电连续性和可靠性成为衡量船舶生命力的重要指标,同时也深刻影响大型船舶的平均寿命。因此,可靠性研究在船舶建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本研究以典型大型船舶中压配电网结构为研究对象,在全系统元件正常运行时相互独立的情况下,重点研究不可维修与可维修下的系统可靠度、MTBF、可用度、停运时间和失效数等,并进行详细的分析与讨论。首先,本文综合考察各种可靠性分析方法的适用性和准确性,选择利用可靠性框图、最小路集分析法计算并分析不可维修情况下系统的可靠度、平均故障间隔时间等可靠性指标；接着,本文简述了配电网的多种维修任务类型,并采用最小路集法与蒙特卡洛仿真法相结合的方法计算并分析可维修系统的可用度、停电时间、失效数等指标。本文研究结果对船舶配电网的设计、建造、运行和维修等具有积极的意义。     

基于ComGIS的路面管理信息系统的设计

基于路面管理信息系统的需求分析,详细阐述了基于组件技术的路面管理系统的总体结构和功能模块,探讨了系统开发中涉及到的关键技术——动态分段技术和最短路径,提出了解决的方法,并在此基础上对数据库进行了设计。     

基于高精地图的物流配送车路径规划与跟踪控制

为了解决园区等场景下无人车多途经点配送问题,提出了一种基于矢量化高精地图的车道级全局路径规划、生成和跟踪控制方法。考虑配送车往返途经点顺序对行驶路径总长度的影响,基于高精地图采用A*算法计算各配送点间的最优路径,在此基础上,利用动态规划算法求解经过多个配送点的全局最优路径。应用贝塞尔曲线对规划的路径进行平滑,并根据道路曲率设定不同路径处的参考行驶速度,进而生成车道级的可用于跟踪的目标轨迹。利用车辆二自由度模型设计模型预测控制器进行轨迹跟踪,实现低速物流配送车的自主控制。在 CarSim/Prescan/Simulink联合仿真平台和实车平台上对提出的规划控制方法进行了试验。结果表明,相比传统的依据最近配送点策略确定的路径,所提出的方法搜索出的路径长度平均缩短了 6.15%。所设计的轨迹跟踪控制器能确保配送试验车与目标轨迹的横向偏差在 0.25 m 以内,航向角偏差在5°以内。     

全自动泊车系统的模型设计与仿真

全球汽车保有量的增多,直接造成城市交通的拥堵以及停车位空间的减小。随之而来的就是泊车安全性问题,新手驾驶员或疲劳驾驶人员如何能在不发生碰撞的情况下,快速安全地泊车入库,成为当下研究的热点。针对以上问题,本文将对全自动泊车系统展开研究。基于B样条曲线设计出泊车路径,基于滑模变结构与预瞄方式进行泊车路径的跟踪。最后通过搭建SIMULINK与CARSIM仿真模型进行联合仿真。     

基于个体出行链的区域城际铁路规划方法研究

基于"基础设施即服务"的理念研究区域城际铁路规划问题,精准考虑带时间窗的个体出行特征和运输服务供给,构建时空网络联系基础设施、服务供给和出行需求3个维度.在所有路段存在的前提下,考虑城际铁路、城市轨道交通和城市道路等基础设施及其运输服务供给,为每类出行者生成满足其出行时间窗的备选出行链集合,以所有出行者广义费用和总投资...     

Application of Lagrangian relaxation approach to α-reliable path finding in stochastic networks with correlated link travel times

This study investigates the important problem of determining a reliable path in a stochastic network with correlated link travel times. First, the distribution of path travel time is quantified by using trip records from GPS probe vehicles. Second, the spatial correlation of link travel time is explicitly considered by using a correlation coefficient matrix, which is incorporated into the α-reliable path problem by Cholesky decomposition. Third, the Lagrangian relaxation based framework is used to handle the α-reliable path problem, by which the intractable problem with a non-linear and non-additive structure can be decomposed into several easy-to-solve problems. Finally, the path-finding performance of this approach is tested on a real-world network. The results show that 15 iterations of calculation can yield a small relative gap between upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution and the average running time is about 5 s for most OD settings. The applicability of α-reliable path finding is validated by a case study.     

Dynamic activity-travel assignment in multi-state supernetworks

The integration of activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment for travel demand analysis has recently attracted ever-increasing attention. However, related studies have limitations either on the integration structure or the number of choice facets being captured. This paper proposes a formulation of dynamic activity-travel assignment (DATA) in the framework of multi-state supernetworks, in which any path through a personalized supernetwork represents a particular activity-travel pattern (ATP) at a high level of spatial and temporal detail. DATA is formulated as a discrete-time dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem, which is reformulated as an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem. A generalized dynamic link disutility function is established with the accommodation of different characteristics of the links in the supernetworks. Flow constraints and non-uniqueness of equilibria are also investigated. In the proposed formulation, the choices of departure time, route, mode, activity sequence, activity and parking location are all unified into one time-dependent ATP choice. As a result, the interdependences among all these choice facets can be readily captured. A solution algorithm based on the route-swapping mechanism is adopted to find the user equilibrium. A numerical example with simulated scenarios is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.     

Stability of transportation networks under adaptive routing policies

Growing concerns regarding urban congestion, and the recent explosion of mobile devices able to provide real-time information to traffic users have motivated increasing reliance on real-time route guidance for the online management of traffic networks. However, while the theory of traffic equilibria is very well-known, fewer results exist on the stability of such equilibria, especially in the context of adaptive routing policy. In this work, we consider the problem of characterizing the stability properties of traffic equilibria in the context of online adaptive route choice induced by GPS-based decision making. We first extend the recent framework of “Markovian Traffic Equilibria” (MTE), in which users update their route choice at each intersection of the road network based on traffic conditions, to the case of non-equilibrium conditions, while preserving consistency with known existence and uniqueness results on MTE. We then exhibit sufficient conditions on the network topology and the latency functions for those MTEs to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov for a single destination problem. For various more restricted classes of network topologies motivated by the observed properties of travel patterns in the Singapore network, under certain assumptions we prove local exponential stability of the MTE, and derive analytical results on the sensitivity of the characteristic time of convergence to network and traffic parameters. The results proposed in this work are illustrated and validated on synthetic toy problems as well as on the Singapore road network with real demand and traffic data.     

Labview应用程序开发中使用支持文件相对路径的有关问题

用Labview开发涉及支持文件读写的应用程序时,常会出现调试正常而可执行文件运行时找不到支持文件路径的错误。基于一简单示例,分析了产生此问题的原因并提供了解决问题的思路。     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.