The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

科技英语翻译对专业知识的要求

本文从词汇、表达方式和语法结构理解三方面论述了专业知识对科技英语翻译的重要性,同时也简要说明了语言知识也很重要,两者缺一不可,相辅相成。     

强风区铁路风沙防治工程最大输沙量与携沙风荷载计算方法

针对强风区铁路风沙流灾害防治工程,开展最大输沙量和强风携沙风荷载2个最关键工程计算问题的研究。结合现场踏勘资料与测试数据,分析风向、风力和持续时间3个影响因素对最大输沙量矢量合成与计算的控制影响,基于优势强风流理论,归纳给出信风型、季风型和对流型3种典型工程风型的输沙量计算方法,并且为准确采集沙样数据,专门设计出能随主风向自动转动的野外自动风导向积沙仪。基于现场测试数据,根据相似准则与量纲和谐原理,推导强风区携沙风单位体积沙砾颗粒流体平均飞跃速度计算公式,用于强风区携沙风冲击荷载计算,计算结果符合工程实际,满足工程计算要求。     

城市轨道交通客流预测宏观指标统计分析这篇中文摘要写得很空泛，不太容易看出论文要点

城市轨道交通客流预测作为需求分析的有效技术手段,其预测结果的可信度和有效性将直接影响决策的精准度,重要性不言而喻。通过对北京、上海、广州、深圳、成都、南京等20余座城市的轨道交通现状运营数据进行全面整理与归纳,系统阐述网络客流、线路客流、车站客流的诸多特征,从负荷强度、网络平均乘距、线路平均运距、换乘系数、断面高峰小时系数、断面不均衡性、换乘客流量级分布、车站超高峰系数等客流预测关键技术指标进行特征探讨与规律总结,以期协助模型工作者更好地把握预测结果的合理性。     

公路雨水口篦子泄水量试验研究

雨水口篦子泄水量是雨水口泄水能力好坏的关键因素 ,其设置的好坏直接影响道路路面排水效果。通过水工模型试验研究了不同型式的篦子在不同上游来水流量以及不同纵坡条件下的泄水量 ,最后对雨水口篦子型式的选择提出了推荐方案 ,并对篦子的安装和维护提出了应注意的事项     

Tradable network permits: A new scheme for the most efficient use of network capacity

Akamatsu et al. (2006) proposed a new transportation demand management scheme called “tradable bottleneck permits” (TBP), and proved its efficiency properties for a single bottleneck model. This paper explores the properties of a TBP system for general networks. An equilibrium model is first constructed to describe the states under the TBP system with a single OD pair. It is proved that equilibrium resource allocation is efficient in the sense that the total transportation cost in a network is minimized. It is also shown that the “self-financing principle” holds for the TBP system. Furthermore, theoretical relationships between TBP and congestion pricing (CP) are discussed. It is demonstrated that TBP has definite advantages over CP when demand information is not perfect, whereas both TBP and CP are equivalent for the perfect information case. Finally, it is shown that the efficiency result also holds for more general demand conditions.     

共享停车泊位数量可变下交通流逐日演化规律

为了揭示在共享停车泊位数量可变条件下的网络交通流逐日演化规律,首先构建了共享泊位交易系统,并考虑了交易市场中的共享泊位提供者可以选择2种异质性的价格预期方式,即理性预期方式和幼稚预期方式;而后对共享泊位的均衡价格、2种提供者的占比差、高峰时段公交和小汽车需求的演化规律进行了分析;其次,以2条平行路径的路网为例,对网络交通流量分配的最终演化结果进行了分析;最后,在对上述2个系统的最终演化状态给出定量判据后,以北京市实际路网为例进行了数值试验。理论分析和数值试验结果表明:①对于共享泊位交易系统,若供给曲线斜率小于需求曲线斜率,则共享泊位交易系统的唯一均衡解可实现无条件渐进稳定;否则若理性提供者的交易与预测成本之和大于幼稚提供者,则存在临界提供者选择强度,使得共享泊位交易系统在大于此临界值条件下出现分岔或混沌现象;②对于网络交通流系统,若出行成本对路径流量敏感度小,路径选择概率对出行成本敏感度小,小汽车需求量不大,则系统唯一的均衡解可能是渐进稳定的,否则系统会出现分岔或混沌状态;③当共享泊位交易系统处于渐进稳定状态时,若提供者对共享泊位的价格变动不敏感,用户对其价格变动敏感,潜在共享泊位需求量不大,理性提供者的交易与预测成本之和并非远大于幼稚提供者,提供者选择强度不大,则由于受到共享泊位交易总量的限制,高峰时段的均衡小汽车需求不大,导致网络交通流系统的最终演化状态容易趋向于渐进稳定;④当共享泊位交易系统处于混沌状态时,网络交通流系统会产生更加严重的分岔与混沌现象。     

谈港口国船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的处置

文中探讨了一起国际航行船舶关于港口国船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的调查情况,介绍了此次船舶污染物接收设施问题报告的原因分析及采取的措施,并向接收设施的提供者和使用者给出了优化建议,明确了各有关部门在港口国船舶污染物接收设施履约工作上的重点。     

无坎宽顶堰流量系数的计算及讨论

通过采用二元非线性回归分析方法对多个数学模型进行分析,结合实测资料,得到了水利工程中无坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,克服了查表法中需要通过多步直线内插带来的不便,更适合在水力计算中应用。     

海水电池用导电聚苯胺正极性能的研究

研究导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极性能,通过与镁合金负极组成电池进行电性能实验,并与Mg/氯化银电池进行性能比较。结果表明导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极具有较好的放电性能,其工作电压可达到1.2~1.35 V;导电聚苯胺自身的导电性使其在激活初始时期能在短时间内耐受较大电流;增加导电添加剂和减薄电极厚度后可增加Mg/导电聚苯胺电池的电压稳定时间;导电聚苯胺与聚四氟乙烯溶液(5%wt)比例在3.7:1~4:1时有利于正极成型。