南沙龙穴造船基地水下大砂袋封涌施工

介绍南沙龙穴造船基地深水河涌水下大砂袋封截的施工经验。     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

江苏省沿江城市群城际轨道交通线网规划方案研究

城际轨道交通的规划建设是城市群发展的必然要求,江苏沿江城市群是我国城市化进程过程中重点发展的区域。根据沿江地区城市群的特征,把沿江地区城际轨道交通线网分为主骨架城际网和都市圈城际网两个层次进行规划,重点研究沿江地区都市圈内部中心城市之间以及中心城市与中小城市之间的城际轨道交通通勤线网。     

中越界河海事执法行为的风险规避

文中通过介绍中越边境河流——北仑河海事现场执法风险，分析执法风险存在的原因、表现形式，结合实际工作体会，探讨界河基层海事执法的风险防范     

潮位变化对上海某越江盾构隧道变形的影响规律研究

为了探究潮位变化与越江盾构隧道的沉降和收敛变形之间的关联性,采用数据统计分析、相关性分析和周期性分析方法,对上海某越江盾构隧道的监测数据与同时期隧道上部的潮位变化进行研究分析。研究表明:1)江中段隧道在潮位变化的作用下产生均匀沉降,其波动性与潮位起伏具有近似的周期性;2)陆域段隧道沉降变化的波动性程度与河流的距离有关;3)潮位变化引起隧道管片断面的横径和竖径产生循环的收敛变形,其横径收敛变形大于竖径收敛变形。以上研究可为越江盾构隧道设计、施工和运维提供参考。     

超级电容渡船——城市内河交通新构想

提出了一种将超级电容与渡船相结合的构想,通过对超级电容的特性和渡船航行特点的介绍,诠释了超级电容渡船的内涵,并在这个基础上对其可行性及实用性进行了分析,具有一定的参考价值。     

大比降卵砾石河流防护结构的冲刷深度研究

大比降卵砾石河流河床形态及水流条件特殊,治理难度相当大。当遇到较大的洪水时,堤防工程、公路等临河设施常发生水毁,而关于此类河流的研究成果较少。针对大比降卵砾石河流河床宽浅、滩槽不分、比降和流速大、枯水期水流分散易形成股流冲刷的特点,布置了不同床沙组成、冲刷角度、河床比降及流量的概化模型试验。通过对81组室内试验资料进行单因素分析,得知冲刷深度(Hp)与单宽流量(q)、河道比降(J)、冲刷角度(θ)成正比,与河床质颗粒组成(D)成反比。采用量纲分析法和多元回归分析法得到了冲刷深度的计算表达式。     

沙枕抛投在荆江航道整治中的应用

沙枕袋可以有效防止水流冲刷河床底部,是稳定河床及岸坡、防止冲刷的主要加固措施。结合长江中游荆江段航道整治工程施工,介绍了抛沙枕进行护底补坡的施工工艺流程、施工要点,重点介绍沙枕袋在长江水流影响下的抛投质量控制措施及实施效果。     

长江口北港重大工程对河势演变的影响

北港是长江口的二级入海汊道。近年来,北港修建了诸多水利工程,如南北港分流口固沙工程、青草沙围水工程和横沙东滩促淤圈围工程等,它们对北港河势有一定的稳定作用,但在流域来沙锐减的背景下,也带来一些新的潜在问题。分流口固沙工程的建设一定程度上增强了新桥通道南侧沙体的稳定性,但与此同时,由于扁担沙尾部继续向新桥通道挤压推移,导致北港分流比减小。青草沙水库建设后,北港上段继续冲刷,由于横沙通道的不断发展,致使北港主槽曲率进一步增大。北港拦门沙河段的淤积和横沙东滩的促淤圈围工程促使了北港北汊的发展,但该汊道中增强的涨潮流对青草沙水库"蓄淡避咸"产生了一定的影响。