基于AHP-TOPSIS的山区低等级公路路面破损评价方法

以山区低等级公路路面为研究对象,依据不同种类路面的破损危害性不同,拟在公路路面评价中提出路面破损指数概念,对山区低等级公路路面破损程度进行综合评价。所用模型是利用层次分析法(AHP)对不同种类的路面损毁危害性进行赋权,并利用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)计算山区低等级公路路面破损程度与最优情况的贴近度,进而将山区低等级公路路面破损情况转化成区间为[0,1]的路面破损指数,其中路面破损指数越大表示路面的破损程度越高。此模型方法简单,能够运用少量数据对山区低等级公路路面的破损程度进行定量评价,可为山区公路的养护工作提供更准确的数据参照。     

完善我国海难救助报酬分配的几点建议

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。分配方案的合理与否,公正与否直接影响鼓励救助这一目的的实现。分析了我国有关海难救助报酬分配的现状,比较、借鉴有关救助公约和英、美、日等国家国内法,为其完善提出了几点修改建议。     

水毁路基边坡丁坝护岸工程设计及其效果分析

对东江清溪河段水毁路基河段的保护进行了丁坝护岸工程设计,并采用二维数学模型对其效果进行了计算和分析,以确定工程设计方案的挑流和护岸效果,以及是否对通航造成影响。     

膨胀土地区路基水损害作用机理研究及防治对策

对我国膨胀土地区水损害机理进行了研究,归纳总结了对膨胀土路基水损害需采取排水、支挡、生物工程、避让等对策措施.     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

Species of Thaumatomastix (Thaumatomastigidae, Protista incertae sedis) from the Arctic sea ice biota (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland)

The sea ice biota of polar regions contains numerous heterotrophic flagellates very few of which have been properly identified. The whole mount technique for transmission electron microscopy enables the identification of loricate and scaly forms. A survey of Arctic ice samples (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland) revealed the presence of ca. 12 taxa belonging to the phagotrophic genus Thaumatomastix (Protista incertae sedis). Species of Thaumatomastix possess siliceous body scales and one naked and one scale-covered flagellum. The presence in both Arctic samples and sea ice material previously examined from the Antarctic indicates that this genus is most likely ubiquitous in polar sea ice and may be an important component in sea ice biota microbial activities.     

加速发展我国高性能船舶和水上高速客运

为开发海洋经济，发展海上运输，加快海军现代化建设步伐，必须加速发展高性能船舶和水下高速客运。为此，本文提出了有关决策层参考的几点政策性建议。     

接触网鸟害防治措施研究

分析了接触网鸟害的特点,总结了接触网上易发生鸟害的位置,对不同位置接触网鸟害防治措施进行了比较,从设计、施工、运营等多角度出发提出了接触网鸟害综合防治的建议。     

基于易损性能分析的山店江大桥高墩抗震评估技术研究

以汝郴高速公路山店江大桥1号高墩为工程背景,通过对钢筋混凝土截面的弯矩-曲率分析确定高墩的损伤指标,利用midas/civil软件进行非线性时程分析,得到该桥墩的理论易损性曲线,并讨论壁厚和基础约束刚度2个参数对桥墩易损曲线的影响。研究成果可为预测结构的抗震性能、结构的抗震设计、加固和维修提供参考。     

预应力混凝土箱梁损伤后剩余承载力计算及变化规律研究

目前对在役桥梁进行技术状况评定时,往往需采用荷载试验的方法来反映桥梁结构实际损伤所产生的性能退化。然而,荷载试验方法存在费用高、耗时长等问题,进行荷载试验代价巨大,且对于存在损伤的结构具有一定的风险。因此,基于对一新建跨径30 m预制预应力混凝土箱梁进行的足尺模型试验结果,构造定义了2种不同的刚度损伤折减系数,结合规范给出的开裂构件抗弯刚度计算公式,提出基于刚度损伤折减系数计算构件实际剩余承载力的计算公式。结果表明：2种方法定义得到的抗弯刚度折减系数的变化趋势基本一致,箱梁在出现损伤后的刚度折减效应明显,从箱梁出现开裂损伤到承载能力极限状态刚度折减约40%,相邻两截面的刚度折减可近似呈线性分布;基于刚度损伤折减系数计算的剩余承载力与试验值的偏差都在5%以下;结合刚度折减系数沿箱梁纵向的分布规律,可计算得出在跨中截面出现损伤后,沿箱梁纵向各截面实际剩余承载力的分布规律。提出的基于刚度损伤折减系数计算实际剩余承载力的方法,可通过结构外观检查结果实现对带有损伤的预应力混凝土箱梁实际剩余承载力的准确计算,该方法简便可行、费用低廉,同时也可为出现损伤的在役桥梁技术状况评定及剩余承载力计算提供一定的借鉴。