青藏铁路大风天气运输组织方法

青藏高原大风天气多,空气密度小,大风对铁路运输安全的影响与低海拔地区差异较大。利用车辆动力学原理建立列车临界翻车风速模型,分别计算青藏铁路海拔3 000 m和4 000 m冻土和非冻土地区的临界翻车风速和危险翻车风速,以及给定风速条件下车辆限制速度。计算结果表明,青藏铁路临界翻车风速随海拔升高而增大,随冻土路基病害出现而降低。参考英、日等国大风标准,结合青藏铁路的特点,根据危险翻车风速和临界翻车风速,初步提出青藏铁路海拔4 000 m地区安全行车标准及特定运行条件、冻土地区线路出现病害情况下的安全行车标准及特定运行条件。提出列车限速运行、增加车辆载重、提高列车编组水平、提高司机操作水平、改善棚车顶部外形、加强货运检查、注意车辆防溜和风沙地区线路检查等大风天气运输组织措施。     

西北严寒地区双块式无砟轨道初期力学性能分析

位于我国西北严寒地区的双块式无砟轨道采用了大单元道床板结构,为掌握该型结构对严寒地区恶劣温度环境的适应能力,了解其力学性能和行为规律,对达坂城地区采用20 m单元道床板的双块式无砟轨道试验段展开试验研究,通过数据分析和理论计算,得出如下主要结论:大单元道床板板端伸缩效应明显,引发轨道结构与基床表层大面积的层间分离滑动;大单元道床板板中部分混凝土开裂严重,年温差循环作用下大单元道床板将呈现"低温小单元组合、高温闭合大单元"的工作模式;试验段中基床表层提供的单位长度层间摩阻力为372 kN/m;极端日气温差的出现显著放大了大单元道床板日伸缩变化幅值,并形成了大单元道床板日伸缩位移均值阶梯型跳跃式发展的行为特性。     

Q355GNHD高耐候钢在动车组中的焊接运用

详细介绍了出口突尼斯动车组车体钢结构的特点,通过各部位焊接工艺试验,结合车体钢结构组装焊接工艺,选取了与之匹配的焊接材料Q355GNHD高耐候钢,确定了合适的焊接工艺参数,并制定出该车的生产工艺方案,满足了产品设计的制造需要。     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算是城市污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理的基础性工作。该文从污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理两个方面阐述了污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算的内涵,并对该领域的未来发展作了展望。     

一种恶劣天气下高速公路车流稳健控制方式

高速公路的安全运营受恶劣天气影响显著,尤其是在极端恶劣的天气情况下。在车辆跟驰理论的基础上提出了一种车流控制方式,并结合车间距和车流安全的影响因素,推导得出了恶劣天气下能见度与高速公路安全行车速度的关系。研究为恶劣天气条件下高速公路的不间断安全运营提供了理论依据。     

Modelling the impact of weather conditions on active transportation travel behaviour

Three weather sensitive models are used to explore the relationship between weather and home-based work trips within the City of Toronto, focusing on active modes of transportation. The data are restricted to non-captive commuters who have the option of selecting among five basic modes of auto driver, auto passenger, transit, bike and walk. Daily trip rates in various weather conditions are assessed. Overall, the results confirm that impact of weather on active modes of transportation is significant enough to deserve attention at the research, data collection and planning levels.     

重载情况下船舶及主机加速问题分析

针对目前一些船舶在恶劣海况下遇到的加速问题,以及通过转速禁区时间过长的问题,从螺旋桨匹配和主机内部设计两方面进行原因分析。围绕转速禁区功率裕度,结合相关案例,从轻螺旋桨裕度、转速禁区及MAN主机输出扭矩能力等方面入手,提出改进措施。