一类a+b型浅水波方程的爆破现象和无限传播速度研究

本文研究了一类包含了Camassa-Holm(CH)和Degasperis-Procesi(DP)方程的非线性浅水波方程.首先建立了这类方程在Sobolev空间中解的局部适定性,爆破性.其次,我们讨论了这类方程的无限传播速度:如果初始值u0(·)具有紧支集,那么方程以u0(·)为初值的局部解u(t,·)不再具有紧支集,并且它在存在区间内呈现指数衰减的性质.     

完善我国海难救助报酬分配的几点建议

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。分配方案的合理与否,公正与否直接影响鼓励救助这一目的的实现。分析了我国有关海难救助报酬分配的现状,比较、借鉴有关救助公约和英、美、日等国家国内法,为其完善提出了几点修改建议。     

抓斗船如何利用硬式扫床检测施工质量

结合实例阐述了利用抓斗船进行硬式扫床的设备结构,扫床方法及其优点。     

浅层地下水开采对高速铁路工程的影响及对策

研究目的：研究掌握浅层地下水开采引起的地面沉降特征及其对高速铁路工程的影响,提出针对性的防治对策与工程措施,供高速铁路勘测、设计及施工参考。研究方法：结合华北平原地面沉降情况,建立浅层地下水开采引起地面沉降的固结沉降模型。研制离心场中地基抽水的模拟和测量系统,进行了离心模型试验,测量抽水过程中粉土地基孔隙水压力和沉降的变化及分布规律,并对比分析了对不同型式桥梁的影响。研究结果：对浅层地下水开采引起的地面沉降机理进行初步分析,基于离心模型试验结果探讨了浅层抽水引起地基沉降的过程和特征,评价了地基不均匀沉降对特殊桥梁形式的影响,并提出了针对性的防治措施和对策。研究结论：浅层地下水开采造成的不均匀沉降对高速铁路工程的影响较大,需通过控制线路附近地下水开采、采取适宜的工程结构措施加以防治。     

加筋土地基在浅基础地基加固中的应用

浅基础地基的加筋,能够提高地基承载力,其最大的优点就是能够减少浅基础地基的开挖深度,保证了施工的安全与进度。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

航行船舶在浅水水底引起的压力变化

航行船舶在水底引起的压力变化对其自身安全有重要影响。通过船池模型试验研究，总结出了航行船舶水底压力的分布规律，分析了负压峰值的影响因素，提出了水压场换算方法。在浅水、薄船条件下，忽略非线性影响，得到了船舶水压场的简化计算公式，计算结果较好地反映了试验结果的变化规律。     

Species of Thaumatomastix (Thaumatomastigidae, Protista incertae sedis) from the Arctic sea ice biota (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland)

The sea ice biota of polar regions contains numerous heterotrophic flagellates very few of which have been properly identified. The whole mount technique for transmission electron microscopy enables the identification of loricate and scaly forms. A survey of Arctic ice samples (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland) revealed the presence of ca. 12 taxa belonging to the phagotrophic genus Thaumatomastix (Protista incertae sedis). Species of Thaumatomastix possess siliceous body scales and one naked and one scale-covered flagellum. The presence in both Arctic samples and sea ice material previously examined from the Antarctic indicates that this genus is most likely ubiquitous in polar sea ice and may be an important component in sea ice biota microbial activities.     

加速发展我国高性能船舶和水上高速客运

为开发海洋经济，发展海上运输，加快海军现代化建设步伐，必须加速发展高性能船舶和水下高速客运。为此，本文提出了有关决策层参考的几点政策性建议。     

基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.