完善我国海难救助报酬分配的几点建议

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。分配方案的合理与否,公正与否直接影响鼓励救助这一目的的实现。分析了我国有关海难救助报酬分配的现状,比较、借鉴有关救助公约和英、美、日等国家国内法,为其完善提出了几点修改建议。     

战后初期日本的对华政策(1945～1952)

日本于1952年旧金山和约生效前虽因失去国家独立和主权而致外交空间狭小，但仍对东亚国际政治局面积极应对，即一面在美国的安排下，参与排斥中华人民共和国于和会之外，并推进与台湾的媾和；一面则在所有外交交涉中处心积虑为与大陆建立关系留下余地。在此过程中凸现的现实主义外交手法和原则对以后的日本政府的对华政策影响至深。     

Distribution of suspended sediment in the coastal sea off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth: observation from TM data

Remote sensing technique was applied to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and to understand transportation, distribution and deposition of suspended sediment in the estuary and throughout the coastal sea, off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. During low river discharge period, zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the estuary near the shore. SSC map shows that maximum SSC reaches 1050 mg/l in this period. Magnitude of SSC is mainly owing to resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents flowing over shallow water depths. The influence of depth on resuspension is farther revealed from the distribution and magnitude of SSC along the head of Swatch of No Ground (SNG) submarine canyon. During high river discharge period, huge river outflow pushed the salt wedge and flashes away the suspended sediments in the coastal sea off the river mouth. Zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the coastal water approximately within 5–10 m depth of water, where the maximum SSC reaches 1700 mg/l. In this period, huge fluvial input of the suspended sediments including the resuspended bottom sediments and the particles remaining in suspension for longer period of time since their initial entry control mainly the magnitude of SSC. In the estuary near the shore, seasonal variation in the magnitude of SSC is not evident. In the coastal sea (>5 m water depth), seasonal influence in the magnitude of SSC could be concluded from the discrepancy between SSC values of two different seasons. Transportation and deposition of suspended sediments also experiences seasonal variations. At present, suspended sediments are being accumulated on the shallow shelf (between 5 and 10 m water depth) in low discharge period and on the mid-shelf (between 10 and 75 m water depth) during high discharge period. An empirical (exponential) relationship was found between gradual settle down of suspended sediments in the coastal sea and its lateral distance from the turbidity maximum.     

Species of Thaumatomastix (Thaumatomastigidae, Protista incertae sedis) from the Arctic sea ice biota (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland)

The sea ice biota of polar regions contains numerous heterotrophic flagellates very few of which have been properly identified. The whole mount technique for transmission electron microscopy enables the identification of loricate and scaly forms. A survey of Arctic ice samples (North-East Water Polynya, NE Greenland) revealed the presence of ca. 12 taxa belonging to the phagotrophic genus Thaumatomastix (Protista incertae sedis). Species of Thaumatomastix possess siliceous body scales and one naked and one scale-covered flagellum. The presence in both Arctic samples and sea ice material previously examined from the Antarctic indicates that this genus is most likely ubiquitous in polar sea ice and may be an important component in sea ice biota microbial activities.     

加速发展我国高性能船舶和水上高速客运

为开发海洋经济，发展海上运输，加快海军现代化建设步伐，必须加速发展高性能船舶和水下高速客运。为此，本文提出了有关决策层参考的几点政策性建议。     

杭州湾跨海大桥南滩涂区承台钢吊箱围堰设计与施工

本文介绍了在杭州湾海域风大、流急、冲刷严重、潮差大等特殊的施工环境条件下,根据南岸滩涂区地貌及承台结构设计特点,通过对单壁钢围堰、钢板桩围堰和钢吊箱围堰施工方案的系统分析,说明了钢吊箱围堰施工的经济性,合理性,实用性和安全可靠性。提出了利用装配式砼吊箱底板钻孔桩钢护筒支撑和潮水涨落间隙,进行水中承台钢吊箱围堰的设计与施工技术。     

目前国内中小型锚机现状及发展趋势

本文对目前国内中小型锚机的现状、各类锚机的特点，存在的问题及发展的趋势作了研究和探讨。     

加装脱硫塔船舶试航活动的安全监督探讨

随着很多国际航行船舶选择加装脱硫塔来应对全球限硫令,单个设备运转试航船舶艘次大量增加。该类试航活动次数频繁、航经水域通航环境复杂、参与人员较多且未经必要的培训,存在较大的安全风险。文中归纳加装脱硫塔船舶的试航活动特征,梳理、分析存在的安全隐患和监督难点,提出相应的管理对策和建议。     

西南及邻区高速铁路岩溶工程地质分区研究

我国西南及邻区发育分布有大量的可溶岩,随着中西部高速铁路建设的加大,大量的铁路不可避免的穿越岩溶发育区,岩溶问题给该区域的高速铁路选线及建设带来巨大的挑战。根据多条已建成和在建的岩溶山区高速铁路岩溶工程地质问题,探讨这些地区高速铁路建设所面临的主要岩溶工程地质问题。拟定以地形地貌、气候和高铁主要岩溶问题为主控因素的分区原则,构建高原岩溶区、斜坡过渡带岩溶区、岩溶化平原区等3大高速铁路岩溶工程地质区;在此基础上基于地层岩性、地质构造、岩溶发育程度和岩溶水系统特征为控制因素的分区原则,细分为17个高铁岩溶工程地质亚区。高速铁路岩溶工程地质分区的研究成果,有利于针对西南及邻区不同的岩溶工程地质分区特点,制定相应的高速铁路勘察设计方案,以查明铁路建设遇到的复杂岩溶工程地质问题,拟定相应的工程措施,规避铁路建设的工程风险。     

高速列车宽带无线上网方案比较及电气安装要求

针对高速列车无法宽带无线上网的问题,分析比较了3种不同的解决方案和各自对电气安装的要求。车外语音加车内无线局域网,直放站配合无线局域网和微蜂窝RRU拉远这3种方案都能提供高速列车宽带无线上网。但是它们技术方案不同,导致成本、性能、布线难度不一样。可以根据工程要求选择不同的改造方案。