空气层结对港口细煤粉污染扩散的影响分析

通过分析空气层结对港口细煤粉扩散的影响,得出离源0.5 km处稳定层结、中性层结及不稳定层结3种层结条件下污染物的浓度峰值分别为1.3 mg/m',0.27 mg/m'和0.02 mgW,同时得出5.5 m/s,7 m/s两种风速条件下的污染物浓度峰值.结果表明,湍流处于不稳定层结时,浓度分布峰值相对较小;随着层结逐渐...     

基于EGR分层的直喷汽油机进气道结构优化研究

为了实现废气围绕在可燃混合气周围,并且废气较浓区域集中于燃烧室底部的EGR分层形式,基于1台缸内直喷汽油机,利用CFD仿真软件Fire针对原机切向气道结构以及切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的气道形式进行了仿真,探究其实现预期EGR分层的潜力,并从缸内进气流场角度分析EGR分层机理。结果表明:原机切向气道由于滚流在压缩冲程中被大幅削弱,不能形成研究预期的EGR分层形式;采用切向气道与螺旋气道相结合的进气道结构形式可以使滚流在压缩冲程中具有较好的保持性,并结合EGR相位调整,实现了约10%的EGR分层梯度,EGR分层形式符合研究预期。     

基于NVO策略的CAI工质分层特性的模拟研究

应用通用流体计算软件STAR-CD建立了可控自燃(CAI)发动机模型,重点分析了负气门重叠(NVO)策略10°CA BTDC时工质的分层特性。研究了不同配气定时以及不同气门升程工质分层程度的变化规律以及影响因素,对自燃着火区域进行了统计分析。计算结果表明:随着进气门开启(IVO)时刻的逐渐推迟,工质分层程度增强,自燃着火区域体积变大;随着气门升程的逐渐变大,工质分层程度增强,自燃着火区域体积变大;工质分层程度主要受进气门关闭(IVC)时刻总湍流动能值的影响。总湍流动能值越大,混合越剧烈,压缩末期工质均匀性增强,分层程度减弱;压缩末期自燃着火区域体积的变化趋势与工质分层程度的变化趋势相同。     

吹填土预加固厚度计算模型研究

基于吹填法的原理及预加固厚度所考虑的变量建立吹填土预加固厚度计算模型。介绍了分层法吹填的目的与原理,详细介绍分层法吹填土预加固厚度模型计算。提出不同的地基土,选择不同重量的加固机器,应该根据具体的工程概况计算泥浆预加固厚度,以便使吹填土满足后期地基加固的施工条件。     

转型中国的高等教育、社会分层与社会公平

教育,尤其是高等教育,不仅仅是一个教育学的问题,而且是关涉更大层面的经济、化与社会问题。在中国社会由再分配体制向市场体制转型的背景下,我国高等教育的公共政策取向也发生了一个大的转变,集中体现于大众话语中的“收费”和“扩招”问题。尽管这一转变有其深刻的经济和社会结构性动因,但由于政府主导、渐进改革的转型社会特征和政策设计本身的漏失,已经引起了社会各界对于公平的质疑与讨论。本正是对转型中国高等教育与社会分层的互动,以及由此牵涉到的社会公平问题所作的整理与反思。     

高地应力深埋层状围岩隧道非对称变形受力机制研究

为深入研究高地应力层状围岩中隧道和支护结构的非对称变形受力特性和机制,以绵茂公路篮家岩隧道为工程背景,采用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究不同层理角度和地应力方向下隧道变形、钢拱架应力以及二次衬砌弯矩和轴力的变化规律。结果表明： 1）层状围岩中隧道结构受力的最不利位置常出现在层理面法向方向; 2）隧道的非对称变形机制在于地应力对层理面产生的法向挤压作用和切向滑移作用,当层理面角度缓倾时,隧道拱顶和拱底承受较大挤出变形,当层理面角度陡倾时,地应力方向与层理面夹角越小,隧道衬砌在主应力作用位置产生的滑移变形越大。最后,根据层状围岩隧道变形和衬砌受力特征,提出合理的支护优化措施。     

预拌砌筑砂浆性能研究

对预拌砌筑砂浆综合性能进行研究,并且针对预拌砌筑砂浆中矿粉、粉煤灰和纤维素的不同掺量对砂浆各项性能产生的影响进行分析,从而得出3种掺加材料各自较为合理的掺配比例。     

浅谈特殊地质层沉井下沉的施工方法

介绍了沉井施工的四种方法 :即障碍物处理、排水、人工开挖下沉遇砂的处理、硬质土层、风化岩层的处理和预爆破法     

Numerical determination of flushing time for stratified water bodies

It is often advantageous to model a semi-enclosed estuarine or coastal embayment (e.g. fish farms or tidal inlets, or typhoon shelters) as a separate system within a larger water body connected to the outer sea. The water quality of the system depends crucially on its flushing time—the average time of a particle in the system. The flushing time is governed by the barotropic and baroclinic tidal exchanges between the system and the outer sea. We describe herein a general method to determine systematically the flushing time of a stratified water body via a numerical tracer experiment. Numerical solution of the 3D flow and mass transport equations for many practical problems show that the tracer mass removal process depends on the physical topography and bathymetry, tidal range and the degree of stratification in the outer sea. Field application suggests that the tracer mass variation can be well approximated by a double-exponential decay curve that can be described by three flushing coefficients. Using a simple analytical two-segment model, the flushing coefficients can be given a clear physical interpretation, and the flushing time can be easily determined in terms of the coefficients. The method is illustrated by application to a number of tidal inlets in Hong Kong, in both the dry and wet season. The connection between the numerically determined flushing time and the traditional bulk flushing time obtained from salt-balance methods is established.     

Baroclinic eddy formation in a Rhine plume model

A three-dimensional finite difference tidal model, including advective and diffusive transport of salinity, is used in the two-layer model for simulation of Rhine water outflow. Layer depths are adjusted in a way that no advective transports between upper and lower layer take place in case of sufficiently stable stratification.Model results show frontal eddy development related to (limited) growing internal waves in case of weak northeasterly to southeasterly winds. It is shown that baroclinically unstable conditions occur, related to vertical velocity shear, resulting in frontal meanders with wave lengths between 18 and 30 km. Satellite images of sea surface temperature show a comparable behaviour of the temperature front, which is strongly correlated with the salinity front of the Rhine plume.