共享停车泊位数量可变下交通流逐日演化规律

为了揭示在共享停车泊位数量可变条件下的网络交通流逐日演化规律,首先构建了共享泊位交易系统,并考虑了交易市场中的共享泊位提供者可以选择2种异质性的价格预期方式,即理性预期方式和幼稚预期方式;而后对共享泊位的均衡价格、2种提供者的占比差、高峰时段公交和小汽车需求的演化规律进行了分析;其次,以2条平行路径的路网为例,对网络交通流量分配的最终演化结果进行了分析;最后,在对上述2个系统的最终演化状态给出定量判据后,以北京市实际路网为例进行了数值试验。理论分析和数值试验结果表明:①对于共享泊位交易系统,若供给曲线斜率小于需求曲线斜率,则共享泊位交易系统的唯一均衡解可实现无条件渐进稳定;否则若理性提供者的交易与预测成本之和大于幼稚提供者,则存在临界提供者选择强度,使得共享泊位交易系统在大于此临界值条件下出现分岔或混沌现象;②对于网络交通流系统,若出行成本对路径流量敏感度小,路径选择概率对出行成本敏感度小,小汽车需求量不大,则系统唯一的均衡解可能是渐进稳定的,否则系统会出现分岔或混沌状态;③当共享泊位交易系统处于渐进稳定状态时,若提供者对共享泊位的价格变动不敏感,用户对其价格变动敏感,潜在共享泊位需求量不大,理性提供者的交易与预测成本之和并非远大于幼稚提供者,提供者选择强度不大,则由于受到共享泊位交易总量的限制,高峰时段的均衡小汽车需求不大,导致网络交通流系统的最终演化状态容易趋向于渐进稳定;④当共享泊位交易系统处于混沌状态时,网络交通流系统会产生更加严重的分岔与混沌现象。     

论二手船买卖下卖方无负担保证的违反与买方的法律救济

文中从二手船买卖的特点出发,分析了卖方的无负担保证义务的内容和买方可能面临的风险,以及在卖方违反其义务时买方的法律救济。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

加工贸易银行保函的法律性质

通过对加工贸易银行保函制度在我国的设立和发展的研究,并结合一般传统民法中的担保制度,探讨加工贸易银行保函这一制度的性质。加工贸易银行保函制度之确立,从理论上讲,突破了原有公私法之森严界限。因为,民事与行政相区分的逻辑而言,确实难以周全加工贸易中银行保函的性质,其可谓是一个业务实践中“杂交”的产物。     

基于收购报价的市场操纵博弈分析

用不完全信息博弈模型分析在收购者作出要约收购报价前后噪声交易量的增加以及收购活动量水平对操纵可能性的影响．在此基础上考察在收购者报价以后是否允许其放弃该报价．当收购活动量水平较高时，唯一的均衡形式是操纵者没有利润，若允许收购者放弃报价则增加了社会盈余。当收购活动量水平较低时，唯一的均衡形式是操纵者获得利润，此时，若允许收购者放弃报价则降低了社会盈余。     

北京市机动车拥堵成本测算与分析

对北京市机动车拥堵成本的研究,可从经济上量化交通拥堵所产生的成本,从而为决策部门制定相关政策提供依据. 在详细阐述国内外机动车拥堵成本概况后,本文提出了拥堵的临界速度,分析了拥堵的各个子项成本,并建立时间、能耗、尾气三大子项成本的计算模型. 本文不但对2008年北京市机动车交通拥堵成本进行了测算并将结果与国外研究成果进行比对,而且对2009年北京市交通拥堵成本进行了预测和敏感性分析. 交通拥堵成本的经济化,有助于更加直观地分析拥堵成本与社会经济之间的关系,为缓解交通拥堵,实现低碳出行提供决策参考.     

基于开放式分布处理的交易中介技术

在分析开放式分布处理(ODP)中交易技术核心思想的基础上,通过应用面向对象的编程思想,推理并导出交易中介关键部分的类Java实现方法.包括:接口空间,接口引用和交易中介的接口.在该交易中介技术支持下,处于开放式分布处理系统中的客户可以通过简练的调用接口,动态地发现和访问潜在的可用服务,使分布式系统提供的服务具有位置透明性,可相互操作;解决传统方法提供服务的静态性.     

Airline ambidextrous competition under an emissions trading scheme – A reference-dependent behavioral perspective

This study presents a reference-dependent Hotelling model for analyzing airline competition in pricing and green transportation investment, as well as the resulting financial performance under the European Union emission trading scheme. One feature of the proposed methodology is that it embeds psychological benefits/costs of consumers to characterize consumer attitudes to the increases in airline fare adjustments and improvements in green transportation. This study then investigates the equilibrium solutions for airfare adjustment and green transportation investment margins in different scenarios. The analytical results reveal specific operational conditions under which a cost-efficient airline can gain supreme competitive advantage by increasing both airfare and green transportation investment margins beyond the increases made by competitors under the emission trading scheme, whereas certain specific conditions may favor a cost leadership strategy. Conversely, a cost-inefficient airline can compete with a cost-efficient airline in both market share and profitability using the green transportation investment-differentiation strategy, particularly when consumers perceive the airfare difference as equaling the increased psychological benefit induced by the airline’s green effort.     

瓶颈通行权交易制度的研究进展

瓶颈通行权交易制度(TBP)研究在国外已积累大量成果,但是在中国的研究较少。首先回顾TBP产生的背景并阐述其定义。在此基础上,分别从路网结构、出行者到达瓶颈的不确定性、不同条件下交易市场机制的设计以及交通控制应用等方面总结TBP的相关理论研究成果。最后,从TBP的理论特性验证方法、应用领域,以及其与宏观基本图(MFD)的结合前景等方面对本领域未来研究方向进行分析。