视觉机器人焊接技术的研究综述与展望

焊接作为现代制造工业的基础生产工艺之一,是制造业极为重要的加工手段.目前由于焊接作业的特殊性导致一线焊接工人数量呈现急剧减少的趋势,为此将焊接作业机器人化是焊接产业发展的必然趋势,但与发达国家相比,我国焊接机器人的平均使用密度较小,其重要原因在于机器人的示教编程难度大、效率低下而且还存在机器人应对坡口类型、接头类型等多...     

D6AC超高强钢的细丝双弧焊接工艺试验研究

分析了D6AC超高强钢的焊接性，采用细丝双弧焊接方法，进行D6AC超高强钢的双弧焊接工艺试验研究。采用细丝双弧焊接技术，基本可以解决D6AC超高强钢焊接时存在高裂纹倾向的问题，并降低焊接成本，避免了脉冲TIG焊扫法的低效率和高能密度焊接方法的高成本问题。     

LNG/LPG船耐低温材料的焊接发展综述

液化天然气和液化石油气需要在低温条件下储存和运输,因此液舱(液罐)材料的耐低温性能和焊接性是保证结构安全的关键。文中以殷瓦钢、5083铝合金和304不锈钢为例,介绍了LNG船与LPG船使用的耐低温材料的种类和物理性能,在此基础上分析了这三种材料的焊接性,总结了殷瓦钢、5083铝合金和304不锈钢的焊接研究进展及发展趋势。     

The weldability of steels used in jack-up drilling platforms

Weldability problems in jack-up rigs arise principally in leg construction where particularly high-strength steels (690 N mm⁻² yield) are used for chords and racks. Attainment of mechanical properties is not usually difficult, although procedural trials are advisable.

Of potential fabrication problems, hydrogen cracking (heat-affected zones or weld metal) is of greatest concern, and consideration of solidification cracking is advisable. Lamellar tearing is not generally a problem with modern steels, and the risk of stress-relief cracking will be confined to the limited number of joints which can be heat-treated.

Fatigue cracking is probably the major cause of service failure of jack-up rigs, and the use of high-strength steels, which permits higher static stress limits, can exacerbate this problem. Hydrogen-induced stress corrosion can also occur, either due to cathodic polarisation or corrosion, particularly in the presence of H₂S in foul sea-water. For this reason weld hardness limits need to be maintained.     

U76NbRE微合金钢轨在小半径曲线上的铺设使用研究

为了考核微合金钢轨在小半经曲线上的使用性能,对60kg/mU76NbRE热轧及热处理钢轨,通过厂内闪光焊和现场气压焊后,于1995年结合线路大修,在京包上行线K466～K470铺设无缝线路试验段。试验结果表明,抗拉强度达到1060MPa及以上的U76NbRE热轧钢轨,在约450m半径曲线的外股上使用可通过总重2.2亿t以上,其使用寿命比U74热轧轨提高近1倍;轨头硬度为38HRC～40HRC的U76NbRE热处理钢轨,其使用寿命比U74热轧轨可提高4倍以上,可望超过一个大修周期(通过总重达到7亿t);经过焊后再淬火的闪光焊接头,使用中未出现接头低陷,而未经过焊后再淬火的气压焊接头,当通过总重4.2亿t时,出现1.3mm～1.5mm的低陷。综合考虑U76NbRE钢轨的焊接、热处理性能以及使用要求,建议其化学成分的质量分数调整为:C0.72%～0.80%,Si0.60%～0.90%,Mn1.00%～1.30%,Nb、RE0.02%～0.05%,P、S≤0.030%。     

Extensive application of TMCP steel plates to ship hulls: 40 kgf/mm class high yield stress steel

A study was performed on TMCP (thermo-mechanical control process) - manufactured high-tensile steel plates with yield point of 40 kgf/mm² (YP40), which were recently developed for use in ship production and whose ease of shop fabrication is almost equal to that of the well-proven ship high-tensile steel plates (HT50) with yield points at 32 and 36 kgf/mm² levels.

The authors' study addressed the performance required of the YP40 TMCP high-tensile steel for ship applications, including strength characteristics of base metal and high-heat-input welded joints, and also shop fabrication methods suitable to this material.     

轻轨车辆车体用铝合金的焊接性研究

本文分析了铝合金在国外车辆部件中的应用情况、发展趋向及其在组焊中存在的主要问题;对国产 Al-Mg、Al-Zn-Mg 合金及其异种金属焊接接头进行了焊接性试验研究.结果表明,其焊接接头有满意的力学性能、抗裂性及抗应力腐蚀性能,适合用于制造轻轨车辆.     

低锡钎料焊接散热器的工艺研究及应用

实验室对含锡量20％的低锡钎料的实验分析得出,低锡钎料与铜母材的结合强度高,而钎接性差,但通过调整钎剂,增加钎接温度,可以提高其钎接性,达到与高锡钎料相同的水平。生产线实际应用证明,通过以上措施,低锡钎料满足汽车散热器的钎接要求。强度实验使用了一种新的、有效的实验方法。