How and why do men and women differ in their willingness to use automated cars? The influence of emotions across different age groups

Current research on willingness to use automated cars indicates differences between men and women, with the latter group showing lower usage intentions. This study aims at providing a first explanation of this effect. Research from other fields suggests that affective reactions might be able to explain behavioral intentions and responses towards technology, and that these affects vary depending on age levels. By examining a sample of 1603 participants representative for Germany (in terms of biological sex, age, and education) we found evidence that affective responses towards automotive cars (i.e., anxiety and pleasure) explain (i.e., mediate) the effect of biological sex on willingness to use them. Moreover, we found that these emotional processes vary as a function of respondent age in such a way that the differential effect of sex on anxiety (but not on pleasure) was more pronounced among relatively young respondents and decreased with participants’ age. Our results suggest that addressing anxiety-related responses towards automated cars (e.g., by providing safety-related information) and accentuating especially the pleasurable effects of automated cars (e.g., via advertising) reduce differences between men and women. Addressing the anxiety-related effects in order to reduce sex differences in usage intentions seems to be less relevant for older target groups, whereas promoting the pleasurable responses is equally important across age groups.     

白云岩水稳基层强度与龄期关系

在公路路面建设中,集料的化学成分对沥青混合料和水稳碎石的物理力学性质起着重要的作用。结合在草市至南杂木高速公路铺筑的白云岩试验段,对白云岩水稳基层混合料的强度与龄期的关系进行阐述。     

A note on the age of radioactive tracers

The age of a water mass is often estimated experimentally using the radio-age computed from the distribution of a radioactive tracer (radiocarbon, helium–tritium). Deleersnijder et al. [J. Mar. Syst. 28 (2001) 229.] have shown that the radio-age underestimates the age of the water and is larger than the age of the radioactive tracer used for its evaluation. This result is generalized here to radio-ages computed from the ratio of two radioactive tracers. The differences between the different ages are also studied analytically and numerically as functions of the decay rate of the radioactive tracers.For small decay rates, the difference between the age of the water mass and the radio-age is shown to be proportional to the decay rate. It depends also on the level of mixing in the system; even radioactive tracers with small decay rates can provide poor estimates of the age of the water mass in a strongly diffusive flow. For small half lives, both the radio-age and the age of radioactive tracers decrease as the inverse of the square root of the decay rate.The same analysis applies to some extent to the estimates of the age of a water mass from stable tracers with known time dependent sources (e.g. chloroflurocarbons).     

考虑人口结构变化的城市客运机动车辆发展规模研究

随着我国社会老龄化程度加剧,这种社会群体年龄结构的变化会对整个社会交通需求产生一定影响.本文以我国人口发展和人口年龄结构变化为背景,引入人口发展预测模型,研究人口年龄结构变化对居民出行次数和出行方式的影响,进而根据这种人口发展所引发的交通需求变化,采用层次分析法预测未来年城市客运机动车辆发展规模,并结合实例(张家港市城区客运机动车辆发展规模预测)对该计算方法进行了验证.计算结果表明该方法是一种合理的计算方法.     

谈网络时代高校教师的信息素质

分析了网络化、信息化给教育领域带来的诸如师生关系、学习环境等的巨大变革,由此提出在网络时代高校教师的地位发生了很大的变化,同时提出了网络时代高校教师应具有的信息素养,以及培养教师信息素养的途径。     

对汽车零部件企业应对后危机时代挑战的思考

后危机时代来临,国际经济发展模式、竞争格局以及制度规则都将发生重大变化,国内汽车、零部件企业应大力提高6个方面的能力和水平,以应对新一轮的挑战。积极挖潜增效,大力提高企业存量资产经营管理水平;加强质量管理,大力提高企业品牌的国际竞争能力和水平;优化调整结构,大力提高企业的质量效益水平;拓宽融资渠道,大力提高公司的资本运作水平;强化营销网络建设,大力提高企业国际化竞争水平。     

水泥土受力性能试验研究

针对深港西部通道工程中涉及的三种不良地层软土,选用两种水泥固化剂及多种特定的水泥添加剂,进行水泥土配比及室内无侧限抗压强度的试验研究。结果表明:水泥土无侧限抗压强度随着养护龄期及水泥掺量的增大而增大,并呈现很好的相关性,因此,可通过水泥土早期强度预测后期强度;采用硅酸盐水泥比普硅水泥加固效果更好,在相同掺入量的情况下,前者的90天强度比后者高出21%~44%;对本工程含有机质的软土,在掺加少量FDN-5等外加剂和15%的水泥后,水泥土强度大于1.2MPa,可以满足工程要求。