船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准影响研究

骑浪/横甩是IMO船舶第二代完整稳性的五种失效模式之一,是一种基于概率的稳性衡准,制定规范的目的是更有效地保障船舶在实海域中的航行安全,确保不发生稳性失效情况.本研究中,以IMO有关成员国提出的最新版骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案为基础,基于自主开发的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准校核软件,针对围网渔船开展了样船计算和比较分析,研究IMO正在制定的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准方法对该类船型的适用情况,分析船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的影响,为我国参与国际法规制定,提出针对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的提案提供技术支撑和依据.     

A stochastic optimization approach for the selection of reflective cracking mitigation techniques

PurposeIn Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) overlays, the existing cracks in the underlying pavements can propagate upward to the new added overlay and may cause Reflective Cracks (RC). These cracks allow water infiltration to the underlying layers and causes further moisture damage as well as weakening the unbound layers. Over the years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the RCs. This study aims to investigate the current reflective cracking mitigation methods and develop a methodology for the selection of appropriate mitigation technique. The developed model is then applied to a case study in the state of Florida.MethodTo accomplish this goal, a nationwide literature review was conducted to better understand the current in practice methods in the United States. Moreover, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in five different road types was performed to find the annuity of roadway rehabilitation for each of the mitigation methods. The uncertainty in the LCCA results is represented using Exploratory Modeling and Analysis (EMA) method. Then through a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, a stochastic optimization model was developed to find the appropriate reflective cracking mitigation solution under Florida’s climate and road conditions, based on different cost and performance weights.ResultsBased on the available data for the state of Florida, the LCCA results indicate that the annuity of maintaining the roadway with Fabrics and ISAC are lower compared to other methods. However, the results of stochastic optimization model reveal that while looking at the performance and cost at the same time, different methods would be more feasible. For instance, while the cost of the used method does not matter at all and only performance matters, STRATA® is more probable to be the appropriate mitigation technique. The findings of this research are critical for decision makers to better understand the most cost-effective mitigation technique in different conditions.     

道路路面用橡胶沥青的性能特点与指标体系

橡胶沥青及其混合料,体现了极限强度和使用状态力学指标截然不同的表现。首先展示了这个显著的差异,随后根据橡胶沥青复合特点,解释了差异产生的原因,以及不同指标的适用性。在此基础上,参考国际上成熟应用橡胶沥青的国家和地区的相关规范,以及在我国的研究和工程应用经验,推荐了橡胶沥青及其混合料的技术指标体系。     

高职港机专业教学标准及课程标准的开发

文章通过人才需求与专业改革调研、工作任务分析、课程结构分析、课程内容分析等开发程序,按照实际工作任务、工作过程和工作情境组织课程,开发出高职港机专业教学标准及课程标准。     

大风浪中船舶航行安全性评价

从船舶在波浪中运动的机理出发，将模糊数学中的层次分析法理论用到大风浪中船舶航行安全性评估上来，开发了相应的计算程序。寻找到了船舶在波浪中航行时的安全航态范围和在某一航速(或航向)时的最佳航向(或航速)，形成了一套“理论航法”，使得驾驶员在操纵船舶时能够得到有效的指导。     

浅谈桥梁健康监测系统

针对目前国内外桥梁健康监测系统的研究现状,深入总结和思考了目前桥梁健康监测研究存在的问题并且从概念意义上指出了解决问题的思路。文中根据桥梁不同状况及经济因素,梳理了三个等级的桥梁健康监测系统的框架。     

WMTC排放测试循环行驶特征的研究

利用所建立的评价准则数体系,研究了WMTC测试循环的行驶特征及其与FTP、ECE等排放测试循环的差异。研究结果表明,与我国现行的ECEⅡ和即将实行的ECEⅢ测试循环相比,WMTC测试循环怠速比例和稳态工况比例低,瞬态工况比例高,因此对摩托车的排放控制提出了更为苛刻的要求。为满足WMTC测试循环的限值要求,摩托车在速度-加速度平面上各峰值处所对应的工况点,必须以排放最低作为发动机控制策略的目标函数。     

辽南海积软土地基承载特性的研究

软土地基承载力特征值及变形参数的研究是岩土工程的主要研究内容之一。以营口地区软土为研究对象,论述了该地区软土的工程地质特点,讨论了地基承载力确定的一般方法及影响地基承载力的主要因素;在此基础上,根据静力触探试验和螺旋板载荷试验的结果,结合理论分析建立了承载力特征值与其它指标的相关关系,结合传统理论公式进而建立了营口地区承载力特征值的经验公式。     

Incorporating socio-political criteria into the maintenance prioritization of Chilean urban pavement networks

Managing urban pavement networks presents additional challenges when compared to the management of interurban pavements. In particular, the prioritization of maintenance activities – which is critical when resources are limited – requires special considerations. Within these considerations, there are socio-political criteria that are not formally considered in current UPMS (Urban Pavement Management Systems). In practice, decision makers consider these socio-political factors but without a formal procedure and proper information, leading to decisions based on subjective information, which lack traceability and reliability.The objective of this study is the identification and formal definition – including the quantification method – of socio-political criteria relevant for the sustainable management of urban pavement networks. The research method included the application of interviews and a survey of experts and practitioners in various agencies involved in the pavement maintenance decision-making process in Chile. As a result of the study, five primary socio-political criteria were identified: neighbors’ perception, proximity to critical infrastructure, benefited population, presence of alternative routes, and strategic selection based on public policy. These criteria were formalized – including how they should be quantified – through an expert panel. A regression analysis applied to various scenarios considered in the survey resulted in the quantification of the relative importance of the formalized socio-political factors to be considered in the decision process, complementing technical and economic criteria. Future research will explore the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to quantify the recommended socio-political factors and implement them in an UPMS.     

美国《能源与环境设计先导》(LEED)评价标准对中国《绿色建筑评价标准》的启示

通过对LEED和《绿色建筑评价标准》在节地、节能、节水、节材、室内空气质量等五大项评分项要求进行对比,得出LEED中某些评分点值得我国评价体系学习,而有些不符合中国国情,不适宜在本土发展运作;提出进一步完善我国绿色建筑评价体系的建议,其发展要结合我国国情,借鉴吸收LEED评分条款才能走出一条适合自己的、有效地促进和稳步提升我国绿色建筑发展的道路。