Dynamic performance of high-speed train passing windbreak breach under unsteady crosswind

Field test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are conducted to investigate the safety of high-speed train under unsteady crosswind. Wheel–rail forces of high-speed train passing a breach between two windbreaks under strong crosswind are measured in a field test. The derailment coefficient of first wheelset of front car at the windward side reaches the allowable value. Meanwhile, the left and right of lateral wheel–rail force are in the opposite direction. This kind of phenomenon has not been tested before. Therefore, CFD and multi-body simulations are performed in order to study the phenomena. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation results and the experimental data. It is concluded that the sudden increase of transient aerodynamic loads, when the train passing the breach, is the root of this phenomenon; after running along the same direction as carbody and bogie run along the opposite direction during the high-speed train passing the windbreak breach; larger opposite longitudinal creeping forces of first wheelset compel the first wheelset to yaw toward the windward side; meanwhile, larger lateral wheel–rail forces compel the first wheelset to run toward the windward side rail; the left and right lateral wheel–rail forces become opposite because the right wheel impacts the windward side rail.     

轿车外流场车轮转动时侧风效应的数值模拟研究

为了研究侧风条件下车辆行驶对交通安全的影响。以某轿车1∶5模型为算例,采用了移动地面模拟轿车相对地面的运动和旋转壁面模拟车轮转动的方法,进行了侧风角分别为0、5、10、15°和30°及车轮转动和静止情况下的数值模拟。输出了车身附近和转动车轮附近的流线、纵向对称面和左方前轮的压力曲线和部分车身表面摩擦力分布情况。对比分析了各侧风状态下的侧向力系数变化情况。研究结果表明:随着侧风角的增大侧向力迅速增大;转动车轮条件下的气动阻力较低,计算精度较高,基本与试验情况吻合。     

基于标准研究横风下车辆运行安全性简化方法

为了探究一种分析车辆在横风作用下运行安全性的简化方法。基于标准EN14067-6中简化三质量模型和气动系数的预测公式,编制Matlab程序绘制国内某速度160 km/h动力车的风特性表,对该动力车在横风作用下运行安全性做出评估。三质量模型力矩平衡公式表明若未平衡力方向和横风风向同向,车辆运行时更容易被倾覆;由风特性表可知,该动力车在横风风速为33 m/s作用下,车辆不受未平衡力时,安全运行速度可达到200 km/h。因此该动力车过曲线遇到恶劣的横风时,应及时调整车辆运行速度到均衡速度附近,可以保证运行安全。利用三质量模型力矩平衡公式和预测公式可以简化地评价车辆在横风作用下的运行安全性。     

列车编成辆数对高速列车横风气动特性影响的数值分析

对3～8辆编组列车以350km· h-1速度运行时,不同速度横风作用下的气动特性进行仿真研究,并建立列车的阻力系数与列车编组辆数之间的无量纲关系.研究结果表明:对3辆车编组列车的气动特性分析不能取代对其他编成辆数列车的几动特性分析;不同编成辆数列车阻力系数随着横风风速的增加而增大,3辆车编组列车的阻力系数不超过8辆车编组的列车的一半;列车的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数随着列车编成辆数的增加而减小;列车编成辆数对头车的阻力系数、升力系数、侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数影响较小,但是对尾车的影响较大;头车的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数明显高于尾车和中间车,尾车的倾覆力矩系数最大值不超过0.4,而头车的最大可达0.7;由于头车的气动安全性比其他位置车辆的低,用头车的气动安全性评估整个列车的气动安全性会偏于保守,但合理、可行.