把握"爱"和"严"的度建立和谐师生关系

师生关系是教育教学过程中最基本的也是最重要的关系。在当前我国大力提倡"和谐社会"的政策指引下,构建和谐友好的师生关系,有助于学生心理和生理的健康成长,对于培养21世纪高素质、创新型人才具有重要的意义。以学生为本,准确定位师生关系,教师从热爱学生和严格管理两方面着手,把握好两者的度,才能形成良好的师生关系。     

The Reinforcement Analysis of Prestressed Anchor Frame Beam in the Deep Cutting Slope under Three Dimensional Strong EarthquakeEI北大核心

Research purposes: In order to further study the reinforcement of prestressed anchor frame beam in the deep cutting slope under three dimensional strong earthquake, a model of the deep cutting slope is built through FLAC 3D simulation software, the seismic wave to the model from three directions of x,y and z is input, and the dynamic response of the slope is analyzed. Then, the prestressed anchor frame beam reinforcement measures are applied to the model, and this paper analyzes the reinforcement effect of the prestressed anchor frame beam to the deep cutting slope under three dimensional strong earthquake. Research conclusions:(1) The prestressed anchor frame beam has a good effect on restraining the horizontal displacement of the deep cutting slope. (2) Under the three dimensional strong earthquake, the prestressed anchor frame beam has a good effect on the horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity of the deep cutting slope, which reduces the peak of horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity. (3) Through the comparison of the response before and after the reinforcement of the prestressed anchor frame beam is given under the 9 degrees three dimensional strong earthquake, it can be concluded that the prestressed anchor frame beam can provide good reinforcement effect to the deep cutting slope. (4) This research can be used for reference to the earthquake resistance of the slope engineering. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

高速公路大坪滑坡深部监测动态特征分析

重庆市奉节大坪滑坡是由前级浅层的堆积层滑坡和破碎岩石滑坡组合而成的复合型大型老滑坡。根据勘测结果分析,岩层顺倾地区是滑坡易发地区,由于隧道开挖,引起了大坪老滑坡的整体复活。布置测斜孔对滑坡进行深部位移监测,监测结果分析表明:大坪滑坡存在典型滑动带,降雨对滑坡影响较大,滑动面较深,且滑动面以上滑坡体不同部位变形速率不一致,通过明确滑动带的位置、厚度、滑动方向及变形范围,为工程治理设计提供了依据。     

圆形地下连续墙支护深基坑结构受力特点及对比分析

结合外径73m、壁厚1.5m、深61.5m、开挖深度45.5m的圆形地下连续墙支护基坑工程实例,介绍了圆形基坑支护结构的受力特点,对比分析了影响结构受力的诸因素及其敏感程度。所得结论为此类型基坑支护结构设计和施工提供了理论依据和实践参考。     

A hybrid deep learning based traffic flow prediction method and its understanding

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated the capability to predict traffic flow with big data. While existing DNN models can provide better performance than shallow models, it is still an open issue of making full use of spatial-temporal characteristics of the traffic flow to improve their performance. In addition, our understanding of them on traffic data remains limited. This paper proposes a DNN based traffic flow prediction model (DNN-BTF) to improve the prediction accuracy. The DNN-BTF model makes full use of weekly/daily periodicity and spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic flow. Inspired by recent work in machine learning, an attention based model was introduced that automatically learns to determine the importance of past traffic flow. The convolutional neural network was also used to mine the spatial features and the recurrent neural network to mine the temporal features of traffic flow. We also showed through visualization how DNN-BTF model understands traffic flow data and presents a challenge to conventional thinking about neural networks in the transportation field that neural networks is purely a “black-box” model. Data from open-access database PeMS was used to validate the proposed DNN-BTF model on a long-term horizon prediction task. Experimental results demonstrated that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.     

Human-like autonomous car-following model with deep reinforcement learning

This study proposes a framework for human-like autonomous car-following planning based on deep reinforcement learning (deep RL). Historical driving data are fed into a simulation environment where an RL agent learns from trial and error interactions based on a reward function that signals how much the agent deviates from the empirical data. Through these interactions, an optimal policy, or car-following model that maps in a human-like way from speed, relative speed between a lead and following vehicle, and inter-vehicle spacing to acceleration of a following vehicle is finally obtained. The model can be continuously updated when more data are fed in. Two thousand car-following periods extracted from the 2015 Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study were used to train the model and compare its performance with that of traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. As shown by this study’s results, a deep deterministic policy gradient car-following model that uses disparity between simulated and observed speed as the reward function and considers a reaction delay of 1 s, denoted as DDPGvRT, can reproduce human-like car-following behavior with higher accuracy than traditional and recent data-driven car-following models. Specifically, the DDPGvRT model has a spacing validation error of 18% and speed validation error of 5%, which are less than those of other models, including the intelligent driver model, models based on locally weighted regression, and conventional neural network-based models. Moreover, the DDPGvRT demonstrates good capability of generalization to various driving situations and can adapt to different drivers by continuously learning. This study demonstrates that reinforcement learning methodology can offer insight into driver behavior and can contribute to the development of human-like autonomous driving algorithms and traffic-flow models.     

基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计技术发展综述

针对基于模型的视觉里程计在光照条件恶劣的情况下存在鲁棒性差、回环检测准确率低、动态场景中精度不够、无法对场景进行语义理解等问题,利用深度学习可以弥补其不足。首先,简略介绍了基于模型的里程计的研究现状,然后对比了常用的智能车数据集,将基于深度学习的视觉里程计分为有监督学习、无监督学习和模型法与深度学习结合3种,从网络结构、输入和输出特征、鲁棒性等方面进行分析,最后,讨论了基于深度学习的智能车辆视觉里程计研究热点,从视觉里程计在动态场景的鲁棒性优化、多传感器融合、场景语义分割3个方面对智能车辆视觉里程计技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

安装载荷下脐带缆的抗压抵抗力参数研究

脐带缆作为水下生产系统进行油气资源开发的关键结构之一,在安装过程中的脐带缆受到动态的拉伸载荷和张紧器挤压载荷,保障脐带缆的安装下放过程的结构安全有着重要的工程应用意义。本文应用ABAQUS建立脐带缆有限元模型,充分考虑脐带缆内部各构件之间的相互作用,研究不同张紧器角度与不同摩擦系数下脐带缆的抗压抵抗力性能。结果表明,张紧器与脐带缆之间的摩擦力随着摩擦系数、和张紧器夹角增加而增加,基于此提出可通过优化张紧器夹角及张紧器与脐带缆间的摩擦系数来降低深水对于脐带缆安装的限制。     

深厚软土桥梁桩基荷载传递特性及沉降控制效果研究

通过杭甬铁路客运专线柯桥特大桥单桩静载试验,桩身应变、桩身压缩量及桥墩沉降的测试,研究深厚软土地区桥梁桩基的荷载传递特性及沉降控制效果。结果表明:桩侧摩阻力先于桩端阻力发挥作用;尽管桩端置于强风化凝灰质砂岩上,但在试验荷载下2根超长试验桩的端承比均小于1.5%,桩的承载特性表现为摩擦桩的性质;单桩静载试验实测的桩身压缩量占桩顶沉降量的85%以上;桥墩浇筑完成后经过753d的沉降观测,2个试验墩实测沉降量分别为3.00和3.41mm,其中,无砟轨道铺设后300d的实测沉降分别为0.11和0.25mm,表明在深厚软土地区采用超长钻孔灌注桩控制桥梁基础沉降的效果显著。     

深基坑双排桩结构受力变形机理及其计算模型研究

近年来,为了适应国内城市地下工程建设蓬勃发展带来的地下工程密集化、复杂化等方面的需要,深基坑开挖时双排桩围护结构因具有侧向刚度大、控制变形能力强、施工快速等特点在各种大型深基坑工程中得到了较为广泛的推广和应用。但实际设计过程中,由于该结构的变形机理与计算模型尚未有统一的理论,其设计方法比较杂乱,存在一定程度的保守设计。依托南京梅子洲青奥城地下空间工程及其现场监测数据,采用有限元计算模型对近年来在地下工程中逐渐得到推广使用的双排桩围护结构的变形机理、土压力分布规律等进行探讨和研究;在此基础上,结合与目前广为应用的理正双排桩模型和新规范双排桩模型的对比分析,研究并提出更吻合实际的、精确反映结构变形和力学特性的双排桩围护结构的修正设计计算模型,该模型架构清晰,准确性高,贴近实际工程设计,可以大力推广应用于双排桩结构的计算分析。