盾构隧道壁后注浆中“定时浆”试验研究

我国盾构隧道广泛使用凝结时间较长的单液浆，但由于注入后不能及时凝结常常引发管片上浮、浆液流失等工程问题。针对这些问题提出“定时浆”的概念。通过在单液硬性浆中添加氯化铝溶液与水玻璃，基于浆液的胶结时间、流动度、28 d强度等指标研究了“定时浆”的配方。结果表明： 1）通过先加入氯化铝溶液再加入水玻璃的方法，可以实现浆液“定时”凝结； 2）在硬性浆中掺加0.50%~0.75%的氯化铝溶液、1.00%~1.25%的水玻璃，可以达到良好的定时效果； 3）通过简单的注浆设备改造可以形成“双液单注”的定时注浆工艺。     

基于经验模式分解的钢轨波浪弯曲不平顺提取方法

钢轨波浪弯曲不平顺隐藏在轨道不平顺中。采用小波分析和经验模式分解相结合的方法,对钢轨波浪弯曲不平顺进行识别和提取分析。利用对称双正交小波对轨检车监测到的车体垂向加速度响应和高低轨道不平顺信号进行小波变换,滤除波长1 m以下成分后,基本可以保证用经验模式分解得到的第1个固有模态函数包含全部钢轨弯曲不平顺信息。对提取得到的钢轨波浪弯曲不平顺的分析表明,不同钢轨上存在的弯曲不平顺不同,钢轨存在的波浪弯曲不平顺是波长在3 m附近变化的准周期不平顺;钢轨波浪弯曲不平顺是引起车体颤振的原因。建议在提速线路和客运专线上应限制波浪弯曲钢轨上道。     

A simple formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of ships

The aim of this study is to derive a simple analytical formula for predicting the ultimate collapse strength of a single- and double-hull ship under a vertical bending moment, and also to characterize the accuracy and applicability for earlier approximate formulations. It is known that a ship hull will reach the overall collapse state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and the tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical equation for calculating the hull ultimate strength is obtained. A comparison between the derived formula and existing expressions is made for largescale box girder models, a one-third-scale frigate hull model, and full-scale ship hulls.List of symbols A _B total sectional area of outer bottom - A _B total sectional area of inner bottom - A _D total sectional area of deck - A _S half-sectional area of all sides (including longitudinal bulkheads and inner sides) - a _s sectional area of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - b breadth of plate between longitudinal stiffeners - D hull depth - D _B height of double bottom - E Young's modulus - g neutral axis position above the base line in the sagging condition or below the deck in the hogging condition - H depth of hull section in linear elastic state - I _s moment of inertia of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - l length of a longitudinal stiffener between transverse beams - M _E elastic bending moment - M _p fully plastic bending moment of hull section - M _u ultimate bending moment capacity of hull section - M _uh ,M _us ultimate bending moment in hogging or sagging conditions - r radius of gyration of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(I _s /a _s )^1/2] - t plate thickness - Z elastic section modulus at the compression flange - Z _B ,Z _D elastic section modulus at bottom or deck - slenderness ratio of plate between stiffeners [= (b/t)(_y/E)^1/2] - slenderness ratio of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(l/r)(_y/E)^1/2] - _y yield strength of the material - _yB , _yB , _yD yield strength of outer bottom, inner bottom - _yS deck, or side - _u ultimate buckling strength of the compression flange - _uB , _uB , _uD ultimate buckling strength of outer bottom - _uS inner bottom, deck, or side     

无坎宽顶堰流量系数的计算及讨论

通过采用二元非线性回归分析方法对多个数学模型进行分析,结合实测资料,得到了水利工程中无坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,克服了查表法中需要通过多步直线内插带来的不便,更适合在水力计算中应用。     

基于AR-EMD方法的扩展非平稳船舶运动极短期预报AR模型

准确的极短期预报技术能够提高对船舶摇荡运动敏感的海洋特种作业安全性和效率。自回归（auto-regressive,AR）预报模型由于其自适应性强、计算效率高而被广泛应用于船舶运动的极短期预报研究。但该模型基于平稳随机假设,因而在非平稳船舶运动的极短期预报中存在困难。针对非平稳船舶运动极短期预报,文章提出一种基于AR-EMD方法的扩展AR模型,称为EMD-AR预报模型。其中,AR-EMD方法是指在经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）的过程中,采用AR预报的方法处理端点效应问题。 EMD-AR预报模型将非平稳信号分解成若干平稳的固有模态函数分量及余项,然后对各个分量分别用AR模型预报,得到最终的预报结果,以此克服非平稳性对AR预报模型的影响。研究基于船舶试验数据将EMD-AR模型与线性AR模型、非线性支持向量机回归（support vector regression,SVR）预报模型进行对比分析,结果表明,AR-EMD方法能够有效处理船舶运动非平稳性对AR预报模型的影响,提高该模型的预报精度,且EMD-AR模型预报性能较线性AR模型和非线性SVR模型更优。     

基于钢管砼拱桥病害试验探讨其主拱强度计算公式的修正

鉴于西南某钢管砼拱桥存在较严重的安全隐患而拆除,对该桥的拱圈核心砼进行取样、试验研究,分析其强度分布规律.根据试验资料,讨论钢管砼拱桥应用现有的钢管砼构件理论进行计算时,其计算公式的修正.     

浅谈计算桥墩局部冲刷65-2原式与修正式

文中介绍了计算桥墩局部冲刷65-2原式与修正式的结构形式。简述关于桥墩局部冲刷研究的现状与发展趋势,论述两个公式的主要分歧,从而对两个公式进行了评估,并用实桥观测资料进行了验证。     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.     

运输船舶在波浪中失速的近似估算

如何准确、快速、简便地估算船舶在波浪中的失速,已成为船舶研究、设计人员及航运界有关人员共同关心的一个重要课题。文中给出了近似估算运输船舶在波浪中失速的2个方法。对处于初步设计阶段且尚未做过静水快速性能模型试验的运输船舶,可直接应用第2个方法。该方法提出的近似估算公式应用方便,也不用编程便可直接人工计算,且与模型试验结果相当吻合。