我国铁路工程建设标准国际化措施研究

在国家"一带一路"倡议下,铁路海外工程项目日益增多,铁路工程建设标准国际化工作愈发重要。通过分析铁路工程建设标准国际化所遇到的发展不均衡、兼容互通性不足、宣传力度不够和标准国际化人才缺乏等问题,提出建立统一管理体系、深度参与国际标准化活动、争取国际标准化组织要职等10项标准国际化加强优化措施。     

欧洲标准下锚杆拉拔试验方法

结合阿尔及利亚东西高速公路M5标段锚杆挡土墙施工中锚杆试验实践,根据欧洲规范对锚杆吻合性试验和检验试验过程进行了详尽的叙述,对欧洲标准下锚杆拉拔试验工艺有指导意义。     

国内外机车车辆用铸钢件标准的分析研究

对比分析我国铁道行业机车车辆铸钢件标准与AAR和UIC铸钢件标准的主要技术内容、技术差异,从提高标准的技术先进性、适宜性的角度,对我国铁道行业铸钢件标准的修订提出意见和建议。     

基于欧洲规范的板桩码头设计方法简介

基于极限状态设计的欧洲土木工程设计规范Eurocode代表了当前工程设计的最高水平;部分欧洲国家板桩码头设计则直接采用该规范,例如英国海上工事设计规范BS6349。本文介绍了基于BS6349和Eurocode规范的板桩码头设计方法,有助于设计人员理解和使用欧洲板桩规范。     

浅析网页标准化

网页标准化是近年来提出的一种新型网页开发方法,它实现了网页表现、结构和行为的有效分离,极大提高了网页开发的质量和效率。文中通过对现有的网页制作方法存在的弊端进行分析,提出采用网页标准化开发方法的必要性,同时对网页标准化的含义作了充分的阐述,展现了如何实现网页标准化,最后介绍了网页标准化广阔的应用前景。     

Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency?

This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other reforms only influenced one of these factors.

Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

国外公路工程标准的法律地位研究

公路工程标准的法律地位是近年来公路工程标准化工作者和一些司法人士热议的问题之一.鉴于此,通过分析美国、日本、欧盟等国家和组织的技术标准和技术法规之间的关系,介绍国外公路工程相关法律法规体系,探讨公路工程标准的法律地位,可为我国公路工程行业标准规范的管理提供参考.     

European freight transport and the environment: empirical applications and scenarios

Environmental issues have received a prominent place in transport policies of most European countries. The coordination of such policies however, is fraught with many difficulties. The increasing freight flows after the European integration are a source of concern, but have not yet led to straightforward and effective environmental strategies.The paper focuses on the Trans Alpine freight transport systems in the light of the future integration of single national transport systems into the European transport network. The environmental, social and institutional peculiarities of this ‘region’ have favoured—in the past—the development of strong nationally-oriented policies, partly in contrast with the goals promoted by the European Union. The present analysis aims to highlight opportunities, and limits inherent, in the implementation of various infrastructure projects oriented towards a drastic change of the Alpine transport systems structure. The Alpine countries, viz. Austria and Switzerland, play a central role in the promotion of environmental benign modes of transport of goods, with a clear focus on rail. The route choice and modal split of freight flows in Europe are taking place simultaneously. In this paper the results of European freight flow models (based on logit analysis and neural networks) will be presented. An important exercise is then to assess the consequences of various types of eco-taxes on road transport in Europe. In this context, several policy scenarios will be dealt with.