Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

T型管节点焊趾表面裂纹扩展行为的三维断裂力学分析

本文对海上平台T型管节点焊趾三维空间翘曲表面裂纹问题用6869自由度、半带宽1187的特大规模作了三维有限元分析，计算了沿裂纹前缘的KⅠ、KⅡ和KⅢ分布。在此基础上，对焊趾表面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为作了分析，绘制了裂纹扩展特性曲线，并根据特性曲线对扩展寿命进行了估算。预测结果与海上平台管节点委员会的试验结果相符。     

接触网零部件应力腐蚀断裂分析

随着铜合金、铝合金、不锈钢材料零部件在接触网中的大规模应用,由于应力腐蚀原因造成零部件失效而影响行车的情况时有发生。为此,对接触网零部件应力腐蚀断裂的机理特征、发生条件、检测方法和防护措施开展研究,为接触网零部件应力腐蚀断裂的判断、分析及预防提供依据。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土直接拉伸性能的试验研究

重点研究聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土在单轴直接拉伸荷载下的力学性能和纤维混凝土的单轴拉伸应力变形全曲线。提出单轴拉伸相对应力裂缝宽度曲线的理论方程式。由单轴拉伸全曲线得到了纤维混凝土的应力裂缝宽度曲线、断裂能及特征长度等。试验发现:当纤维体积掺量为0 14%时,纤维混凝土的轴心抗拉强度比基准混凝土提高20%,极限拉伸应变提高49%,断裂能提高68%,临界断裂时的最大裂缝宽度增加55%。聚丙烯纤维具有良好的阻裂性能,增强了硬化混凝土的能量吸收能力。     

半刚性基层材料路用性能的试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了3种半刚性基层材料(水泥碎石、水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石、二灰碎石)的强度特性、断裂韧度、干缩特性及疲劳性能,比较了它们的路用性能。试验结果表明:半刚性基层材料的断裂韧度与弯拉强度具有一定的相关性;二灰碎石与水泥类稳定碎石相比,强度和断裂韧度较低,干缩性能和疲劳性能较好;水泥类稳定碎石抗弯拉强度比二灰碎石高,可弥补其疲劳寿命衰减过快的不足;用粉煤灰代替部分水泥,有广泛的工程应用前景。     

高等级沥青路面基层底裂缝三维数值分析

裂缝尖端应力强度因子是判断裂缝开裂扩展的重要指标,本文应用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了20结点等参立方体单元的有限元模型,采用奇异等参元法及断裂力学理论,对路面基层裂缝问题进行了数值分析,分析探讨了路面结构参数对基层裂缝应力强度因子的影响及应力强度因子K1和K2在基层裂缝扩展过程中的变化规律,并预估了裂缝的扩展寿命。计算结果真实反映路面结构的现象和规律,可为高等级公路抗裂设计提供依据。     

Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, K_r is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, L_r, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in L_r when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. L_r values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, K_r predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life.     

利用故障树方法分析离合器螺栓断裂问题

故障树分析是系统安全性可靠性分析的工具之一,在产品设计阶段,故障树分析可以帮助判明潜在的系统故障模式和灾难性危险因素,发现可靠性和安全性薄弱环节,以便改进设计。在生产、使用阶段,故障树分析可帮助故障诊断,改进使用维修方案,故障树分析也是事故调查的一种有效手段[1]。文章采用故障树分析的方法对某车型离合器螺栓断裂故障进行全面分析与解决。     

3Cr13道岔融雪弹性卡断裂分析及对策

3Cr13电加热道岔融雪弹性卡在使用中发生断裂,分析断裂弹性卡化学成分,对其断口进行宏观和微观观察,结果表明断裂的原因为腐蚀性介质环境和交变应力共同作用下形成的多源疲劳和应力腐蚀。提出优化弹性卡结构、使用偏碱性防腐涂料对3Cr13弹性卡进行表面处理的应对措施。     

对青岛胶州湾隧道一些工程地质问题的看法及建议

青岛胶州湾隧道海域段水下地质勘察极为困难,工程地质情况众说纷纭。部分人认为,湾口一带因存在湾口断裂、片麻岩、火山构造等地质条件,其岩性和地质构造复杂程度、水文地质条件之差、安全系数之低位居目前世界上现有海底隧道之首,引起了社会和建设者的广泛关注。为此,作者通过陆域段的施工实际及对相关资料分析,对隧道的地质断裂、火山口构造、透水性等地质问题提出了自己的看法,并提出了加强超前地质预报、充分论证和评估存在的地质问题、增设超前支护及预注浆、配备足够的抽排水设施、二次衬砌紧跟等建议。