港口设备钢丝绳断绳事故分析及预防

对钢丝绳断绳事故进行分析,提出了一些措施,诸如通过钢丝绳的选用、维护、保养、检测等,来延长钢丝绳的使用寿命,杜绝事故的发生。     

铰接式转向架在城轨车辆中的应用研究

回顾铰接式列车的应用与发展,分析了铰接式列车的基本结构模式及优缺点;结合城市轨道交通的特点和城轨车辆的基本要求,论证了铰接式转向架在城轨车辆中运用的可行性,并提出了城轨车辆用铰接式转向架的初步设计方案。     

成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

盐渍土地基处理的浸水试验研究

盐渍土作为一种不良土体,由于它的盐溶特性严重影响置于其上的建筑物。采用何种有效的处理方法来降低溶陷沉降量将至关重要。文中以西北某盐渍土机场的地基处理为例,采用浸水预溶的处理方法,在现场分别进行了深层浸水试验、直接浸水试验、浸水后晾晒试验,并对施工工艺、浸水控制、渗水速度确定做了研究。通过试验后检测,浸水预溶试验取得了良好的效果,为指导大面积地基处理施工提供了可靠参数。     

桥式抓斗卸船机不同形式的比较

桥式抓斗卸船机主要有自行小车式和钢丝绳牵引小车式2种形式.钢丝绳牵引式又分为单索起升单索开闭单小车牵引式、主辅小车牵引式、机械差动四卷筒牵引式、电差动四卷筒牵引式等形式,它们各有优劣,主辅小车牵引式被证明是最可靠的形式.     

变压器换位导线股间短路点的查找与排除

变压器线圈制造过程中经常出现换位(组合)导线有股间短路现象,如何查找短路点并且有效地排除故障显得很重要。本文介绍目前常用的几种短路点的查找和排除方法。     

基于模糊可靠性理论的高速线材轧辊优化设计研究

工作时受交变应力的作用,高速线材轧辊断裂问题时有发生.文章利用模糊可靠性理论,探讨在随机变量和模糊变量组合时轧辊的模糊可靠性设计方法.设计实例和生产实践证实了该方法具有优化设计的效果,使轧辊使用寿命显著提高.     

接触网承力索磨损的措施研究

研究目的:研究电气化铁道接触网承力索特别是铝包钢、铜或铜合金承力索在运行中引起磨损,甚至发生断股、断线事故的原因及预防措施。研究方法:通过对接触网承力索的现状和主要防磨损措施的研究来进行分析。研究结果:提出了防止承力索磨损的主要技术措施:采用单根铁线连续绑扎、匹配悬吊滑轮与承力索表面硬度、采用辅助绳悬挂承力索及采用承力索预型保护条。研究结论:道岔柱应采用双腕臂结构、特殊设计来避免承力索间相互碰磨、改善承力索悬挂结构及使用承力索预型保护条。采用承力索预型保护条是解决承力索磨损的有效技术措施。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

大跨地铁风道导洞开挖的地表沉降分布规律研究

北京地铁8号线大红门桥站-和义站区间附属风道为跨度16.2 m的单跨结构,采用暗挖洞桩法(PBA工法)施工。为有效控制导洞开挖引起的地表沉降,必须合理安排导洞施工顺序。基于三维数值模拟方法对不同的导洞开挖方案地表沉降分布规律进行研究,并与地表沉降监测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:不同的导洞开挖顺序的地表沉降发展路径差别显著,但最终的沉降值基本一致;随着导洞的开挖,地表沉降槽宽度增加并不明显,但是由于导洞开挖的群洞效应,地表沉降速度发展较快。因此在后续的拱部开挖支护中,必须通过调整支护措施和开挖方案来严格控制地层沉降。