“撇缆活结”在船上的另类应用

随着船舶科技含量的提高,船上的船员不断精简。如何能在人员减少的情况下,完成原来高强度的工作,成为船员所面临的一个很现实的问题。扫舱工作就是一项高强度的工作,而且,这项工作需要多人一起完成。把“撇缆活结”应用到这一工作中,会大大减低工作强度,能在人员减少的情况下,很好地完成扫舱工作。     

Investigation of tailpipe and evaporative emissions from China IV and Tier 2 passenger vehicles with different gasolines

The limited understanding of vehicular emissions in China, especially evaporative emissions, is one obstacle to establishing tighter standards. To evaluate tailpipe and evaporative emissions, two typical China IV vehicles and one Tier 2 vehicle with an onboard refuelling vapour recovery (ORVR) system were selected and tested. One of the China IV vehicles was fuelled with gasoline, E10 and M15, respectively, to investigate the effect of fuel properties on vehicular emissions. For each vehicle, cold-start tailpipe emission tests were conducted first, followed by an evaporation test. Based on the emission factors and real-world vehicle activity data, the annual tailpipe and evaporative hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of each vehicle were calculated and compared. The results show that E10 and M15 significantly reduced the tailpipe CO and particle number (PN) emissions but seriously aggravated the NOx emissions, especially for M15. The hot soak losses (HSLs) and diurnal breathing losses (DBLs) were slightly impacted by the fuel properties. The annual evaporative emissions with E10 and M15 were higher than that with gasoline. The ORVR system effectively controlled the evaporative emissions, especially for DBLs. Evaporative emissions from the China IV vehicles were 1.1–1.4 times the tailpipe HC emissions. Additionally, the evaporative emission factors of the China IV vehicles were almost 50% lower than the standard (2.0 g/test), whereas their annual evaporative emissions were almost 1.8–2.8 times higher than those from the Tier 2 vehicle. Therefore, controlling evaporative emissions currently remains a great need in China, and the ORVR might be a recommended evaporative control technology.     

姜黄素促进RAW264.7源性M1巨噬细胞向替代激活M2表型极化

目的观察姜黄素对LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)极化的影响及机制。方法不同浓度姜黄素(6.25、12.5、25μmol/L)干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,同时再加入20μmol/L GW9662与25μmol/L姜黄素共同干预LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)12h,采用Real-time PCR、ELISA及Western blot方法检测IL-1β、IL-6和M2表型标志分子KLF4、FIZZ1、MGL1、PPARγ的表达,及阻断PPARγ后KLF4和FIZZ1的表达。结果不同浓度姜黄素均能上调LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)的M2标志分子的表达,并且抑制炎症因子IL-1β和IL-6的分泌;阻断PPARγ后,RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性M1表型巨噬细胞表达M2标志分子下调。结论姜黄素通过活化PPARγ促进LPS和IFNγ诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞(M1)向M2表型极化。     

基于RA8876M的船舶机舱一体化显控模块设计

针对船舶机舱内设备的便捷操作需求,采用STM32F429芯片和RA8876M显示控制器,研究设计一套适于船舶机舱使用的具有接口丰富、操控便捷和应用场景丰富等优点的一体化显控模块。RA8876M显示控制器能在无操作系统环境下正常工作,有助于降低模块整体应用程序的开发难度;利用RA8876M显示控制器配套上位机软件可视化编程的优势,能大幅缩短软件开发周期。通过在某船舶机舱延伸报警系统中应用,验证该一体化显控模块具有优良的工作性能。     

The Bid-rent Land Use Model of the simple,efficient, elegant,and effective model of land use and transportation

Integrated land use/transportation forecasting models add significant policy and infrastructure alternatives analysis capabilities to the urban planning process. The financial, time, and staff requirements to develop these models has put them beyond the reach of most small to medium sized urban areas. This paper presents the land use allocation submodel of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective model of land use and transportation (SE³M), an integrated land use and transportation forecasting model founded upon Economic Base Theory and Bid-rent Theory. The Bid-rent Land Use Model (BLUM) is an agent based, spatial competition model utilizing unique utility curves for willingness to pay and incomes for budget constrained abilities to pay for each agent. The model structure, estimation, calibration, implementation, and validation are presented. With a single year of land use data available, the validation approach used the Kappa Index of Agreement to spatially check model outputs against base year control data while controlling for agreement by chance. The U.S. territory of Guam is used as the case study/proof of concept implementation for this model framework. Once calibrated, BLUM could solve the spatial competition problem on Guam in less than two minutes of processing time with over 90% accuracy.     

超声清洗槽内声场分布的研究

从一维平面波理论入手分析了超声清洗槽内的声场分布特性,用水听器法和染色法测量了超声清洗槽内的声场分布.结果表明,清洗槽内液面水平方向上的声压分布比较均匀,垂直方向上的声压由槽底到液面呈起伏变化,显示了驻波特性,总体上有逐渐减小的趋势,这说明了声波在传播过程中有一定的衰减.实验测量的声压分布和理论分析的结果比较一致.     

汽车排放控制及净化措施研究

针对日益严重的汽车排放对大气环境的污染和健康的危害问题,分析汽车排放物的形成原因,并提出相应的控制及解决措施．具有重要的实践意义。     

脱脂清洗液处理回用技术研究

采用无机陶瓷膜超滤工艺对东风商用车公司车身厂涂装生产线脱脂工序预脱脂槽中的脱脂清洗液进行了小试和中试试验研究。试验结果表明,采用无机陶瓷膜对脱脂液进行处理回用,可以长时间控制脱脂液中油污浓度保持在250mg/L以下的水平,回用的透过液对工件脱脂效果与回用前没有明显差别。采用无机陶瓷膜分离技术对脱脂液进行处理回用是较好的一种清洁生产工艺。     

高压水射流清洗作业中喷嘴的设计原理和选型依据

主要介绍了高压水射流清洗系统中喷嘴的设计原理和选型依据、实验结果,通过了解喷嘴的设计过程和影响喷嘴的性能因素,选择与清洗系统匹配的喷嘴,可以明显地提高清洗作业的效果,减少劳动损耗.     

自卸式远洋散装水泥运输船特殊结构强度分析研究

以远洋散装水泥运输船为研究对象,采用三维有限元分析方法及ＤＮＶ船级社的ＳＥＳＡＭ结构计算软件,从船体结构强度、船舶振动预报和船体结构温度应力等方面对该型船结构设计的多项技术难点进行了详细的计算和评估。并且着重对大型散装水泥运输船间断内底板、中纵舱壁以及高腹板旁桁材等特殊结构的受力状态及应力分布进行分析和探讨。为自卸式散装水泥运输船的结构优化设计提供技术支撑。