Local joint flexibility of tubular X-joints stiffened with external ring or external plates

In the present paper, the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of the ring-stiffened X-joints and plate-stiffened X-joints under compressive load is investigated. In the first phase, a finite element (FE) model was generated and verified with the results of available experimental tests and equations. In the next phase, a set number of 234 FE models were created to evaluate the role of the external ring size (β_r and τ_r), the external plate size (β_p and τ_p), and the connection geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the LJF factor (f_LJF). In these FE models, the weld connecting the chord and brace members was generated. The results indicated that the f_LJF of a plate stiffened joint can be down to 76% of the f_LJF of the corresponding un-stiffened joint. Also, the effect of the ring size on the f_LJF was more than the effect of the plate size on the f_LJF, because of the stiffener position. Despite the notable effect of the ring and the plate on the f_LJF, there is not any study or formula on tubular connections stiffened with ring or plate. Therefore, the FE results were used to propose two parametric formulas for determining the f_LJF in X-joints with external ring or external plate under brace compressive load. Moreover, the derived formulas were checked based on the UK DoE acceptance criteria.     

Detection of nonlinearity effects in structural integrity monitoring methods for offshore jacket-type structures based on principal component analysis

The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. The development of detection methods assumes greater significance in the case of offshore platforms because the inherent problems are compounded by the harsh environment. Here, we describe an instrumented physical model for the structural health monitoring of an offshore jacket-type structure and the results of tests in several different damage scenarios. In a comparative investigation of two different methods, we discuss the difficulties of implementing damage detection techniques for complex structures, such as offshore platforms. The combined algorithm of a fuzzy logic system and a model updating method are briefly discussed, and a method based on stochastic autoregressive moving average with exogenous input is adopted for the structure. The consideration of uncertainties and the effects of nonlinearity were major objectives. So, the methods were also investigated based on the test scenarios consisting of the physical model with a geometric nonlinearity. The principal component analysis method was utilized for the detection of nonlinearity in the recorded data. The results show that the developed methods are suitable for damage classification, but the quality of the acquired signals must be considered an important factor influencing successful classification. The development of these methods may be extremely useful, as such technologies could be applied for offshore platforms in service, enabling damage detection with fewer false alarms.     

参数三次样条的一种完备边界条件

参数三次样条插值在实践中应用很广。参数三次样条曲线需要四个边界条件,但当前通常使用的边界条件只是给出了两个,另外两个是根据经验而定的。我们把给出了完整的四个边界条件者称为参数三次样条的完备边界条件。     

悬臂施工阶段大跨径刚构桥稳定性的参数分析

针对悬臂施工阶段中大跨径预应力混凝土刚构桥的稳定性问题,依据弹性屈曲理论、挠度理论、弹塑性理论和压溃理论,计算和分析几何非线性、材料非线性、初始几何缺陷以及混凝土材料的压碎、开裂、骨料咬合效应等因素的影响;研究墩身偏斜度、施工荷载形式以及桥墩系梁刚度等参数对悬臂施工阶段大跨径预应力混凝土刚构桥稳定性的影响效应。分析和研究结果表明:混凝土材料的力学特性对大跨径预应力混凝土刚构桥在悬臂施工阶段中的稳定性有明显的影响;结构稳定系数随墩顶初始横向偏位的增加而呈分段二次曲线规律减小;桥墩系梁刚度与结构稳定系数的关系遵循指数曲线规律;非对称形式的施工荷载对悬臂施工阶段大跨径预应力混凝土刚构桥的稳定性更为不利。     

汽车液压制动系统优化设计平台开发

根据企业实际项目需要,通过面向对象的程序设计思想,利用Visual C++开发了汽车液压制动系统计算分析软件。介绍了该软件的功能结构、设计流程等。以某车制动系统设计计算为例,对软件的计算、分析、参数化建模能力进行了验证。该软件平台通过ACCESS数据库,储存了大量经验数据和制动法规来辅助用户设计开发,能够精确计算制动系统的20余项内容以全面分析整车制动性能。     

渐开线圆柱齿轮减速器三维参数化设计系统的研究

主要通过 PRO/E 建模和基于 Visual C 和 PRO/TOOLKIT 的编程,介绍少齿数渐开线圆柱直齿 轮减速器的三维参数化设计的一种途径,其中详细介绍 PRO/E 基于特征、面向加工、自下而上尺寸关系等建模理 念和建模技巧,以及数据库管理技术在系统实现中的应用。实践证明,在减速器产品设计过程中,利用三维参数化 设计技术可显著提高设计开发效率。     

Parametric analysis of wheel wear in high-speed vehicles

In order to reduce the wheel profile wear of highspeed trains and extend the service life of wheels, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle was set up, in which the wheelset was regarded as flexible body, and the actual measured track irregularities and line conditions were considered. The wear depth of the wheel profile was calculated by the well-known Archard wear law. Through this model, the influence of the wheel profile, primary suspension stiffness, track gage, and rail cant on the wear of wheel profile were studied through multiple iterafive calculations. Numerical simulation results show that the type XP55 wheel profile has the smallest cumulative wear depth, and the type LM wheel profile has the largest wear depth. To reduce the wear of the wheel profile, the equivalent conicity of the wheel should not be too large or too small. On the other hand, a small primary vertical stiffness, a track gage around 1,435-1,438 mm, and a rail cant around 1：35-1：40 are beneficial for dynamic performance improvement and wheel wear alleviation.     

Development of an intelligent CAE system for auto-body concept design

The concept design phase is a critical step in auto-body design, as it has a great effect on later design work. This paper describes the implementation of an auto-body structure design in the early stages of a new auto-body developing program. In order to reduce the long design period and analysis error that plagues traditional auto-body concept design, an intelligent CAE system has been successfully developed and implemented based on the UGS NX/API opening platform. This system, the so-called ACD-ICAE (Auto-body concept design-intelligent computer aided engineering) System that means concept design-intelligent computer aided engineering system, employs a fully parametrized template method to build the conceptual auto-body geometry model and FEM model quickly and easily. It also integrates auto-body modeling, analysis and optimization on only one CAD platform via a parametric variables database. Moreover, all parametric variables are shared and updated in different phases of the ACD-ICAE System. A wizard User Interface (UI) based on knowledge of auto-body engineering was developed and used in this system. The procedures implementing the functional diagram of the ACD-ICAE system are also provided. A typical example of a car body concept design with four doors shows that the ACD-ICAE system is efficient and accurate.     

基于CATIA的船体参数化建模及稳性计算

基于CATIA的二次开发,提出了一种基于船舶AutoCAD型线图自动生成船舶三维实体模型和计算稳性的方法,该方法避免了大量的人工建模和计算时间。利用VB编程,基于型线图自动提取船体的三维点坐标,实现了船舶主船体线框模型、曲面模型和实体模型的快速自动生成,基于实体模型自动获取船体的BOM信息,并进行了船舶静水力和大倾角稳性的自动计算计算。最后,通过一个实船算例验证了该方法操作简单,计算迅速,较之传统计算方法结果更加精确可靠,具有较大的工程应用价值。     

Parametrical studies of a new numerical model for controlled ship motions in extreme astern seas

Parametrical studies based on numerical simulations were carried out for very steep regular waves to assess possible improvements in the state-of-the art numerical modelling of the control and capsizing behaviour of ships in following and quartering seas. A nonlinear 6-DOF numerical model has been developed with the inclusion of frequency-dependent terms, the so called memory effects, and a flexible axis system that allows straightforward combination of seakeeping and manoeuvring models while accounting for extreme motions. The previously undertaken validation analyses using extensive model test data provided qualitatively good agreement, whereas the comparison with numerical models without coupling of the vertical motions and frequency-dependent hydrodynamic terms embodied in radiation forces identified improvements in the accuracy. However, to broaden the assessment of the numerical model, further parametrical numerical analyses were carried out using two ships, which had previously been tested in the validation analyses, for various operational and environmental conditions. These parameters were changed in accordance with the recommendations from international organisations and experience from model tests to realise and avoid dangerous conditions that often result in capsizing, such as broaching associated with surf riding and low-cycle resonance. As a result of the parametric analysis, we discuss the sensitivity of the improvements in the numerical model for various critical operational and design parameters and its possible use to provide a link between the ship's behavior and these parameters.