Serial private infrastructures

This paper investigates private supply of two congestible infrastructures that are serial, where the consumer has to use both in order to consume. Four market structures are analysed: a monopoly and 3 duopolies that differ in how firms interact. It is well known that private supply leads too high usage fees, and that a serial duopoly leads to even higher fees than a monopoly, as firms are monopolists on their sections. But, as this paper finds, a duopoly can also lead to a different capacity rule than the first-best one, and this distortion differs from with two parallel facilities. Finally, four auction formats for the right to build and operate facilities are investigated. With a bid auction, the competition is on how much to pay the government. This auction leads to the same outcome as no auction. An auction on the facility’s capacity leads to an even lower welfare than no auction, as firms set overly large high capacities. Conversely, an auction on the generalised price or number of users leads to the first-best outcome, which they do when the facilities go to one or two winners and both with serial as with parallel facilities.     

VPN技术在校园网中的应用与实例

虚拟专用网络(VPN)是实现在公网上安全传输私有网络信息的一种技术。VPN技术在校园网中的应用,提高了校园网的可管理性、灵活性和安全性。文章就虚拟专用网(VPN)技术做了详细介绍,并提供了一个简单的VPN组建实例。     

铁路专用数据网探讨

本文通过探讨呼铁局目前数据网络的现状，指出了建设多业务、统一的专用数据承载平台的必要性和解决方案。     

论中国土地资本化中的利益分配问题

中国有关土地问题社会矛盾产生的前提，是土地资本化的必然趋势；产生的经济基础，是土地资本化中的利益分配格局。这种分配显示了利益向开发商倾斜的格局。构成这种格局的根源，是中国特殊的“内公外私”产权制度，以及经济起飞阶段普遍存在的产业资本稀缺性。在特定历史阶段形成这种利益分配格局是必然的，从一定意义上来说也是合理的。此外，从来不存在“起点公平”的分配。     

Transport infrastructure provision and operations: Why should governments choose private–public partnership?

Recent transport sector liberalisation, as well as global economic crisis, is favouring the implementation of transport infrastructure projects through Public–Private Partnerships (PPP). However, there is a debate as to whether PPP schemes are a better option than conventional procurement. To this end, an evaluation framework is proposed, to assess which of these two alternative schemes for transport projects financing is preferable for the public. The proposed framework is complimentary to the Value for Money (VfM) approach and is based on a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The first step is the estimation of the Public Sector Comparator (PSC) for the case of conventional procurement, dealing with construction, maintenance and operation costs revenues, as well as any costs associated with risks undertaken by the public. As for the PPP case, it includes any payments by the public sector and related risks costs. The MCA is then applied only if the PPP is found preferable for the public sector. The latter considers additional impacts, including among others the social attributes of a particular scheme, job creation, environmental impacts and safety and security aspects. The proposed framework was applied to a pilot Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridor infrastructure project in the city of Indore, India, in order to demonstrate its validity. The framework and its application could provide useful guidance when considering PPP for a transport project, since it demonstrates in a transparent way the society's attitude towards this project, something that is critical to its acceptance.     

新媒体环境下民办高职院校新闻宣传工作的开展

新闻宣传工作在民办高职院校的发展和青年学生的培养中起着重要的作用。新媒体时代的到来对民办高职院校的新闻宣传工作既是一种挑战,也是一种机遇。文中结合笔者的工作体验,从不同角度探讨在新媒体环境下民办高职院校如何深入开展新闻宣传工作,使其发挥应有的效应,为学校的发展做出贡献。     

私有与私有制之辨——基于《共产党宣言》的文本分析

文章在论述"消灭私有制"的文本含义及其误读的基础上,深入阐述了私有与私有制的区别及区分意义,提出马克思在私有和私有制的理解和评价上存在着诸多的维度和层次,并非完全否定二者,而是在一定意义上给予了二者充分的肯定,为正确理解《共产党宣言》提供了参考。     

EPON技术在宽带专线中的应用

相比较其他PON技术,EPON在技术成熟度和设备价格方面具有一定的优势,国内运营商已经开始进行EPON的试商用。EPON技术与传统接入技术相比具有节省投资、提高资源利用率、实现宽/窄带统一接入、接入方式灵活、高速带宽且分配灵活等优点。对宽带专线业务来讲,能减少业务侧数据设备的投资,实现全业务接入的同时,能够实现带宽的灵活调整,可以同时开展带宽共享及独享业务,实现专线业务的灵活配置。     

民营码头堆场管理的探讨

浙江大大小小的民营码头多达上千家,其码头堆场从几亩到几百亩大小不等.笔者在对浙江民营码头企业的调研过程中,发现民营码头企业在堆场管理中存在许多不足之处,制约着企业的发展.本文通过企业个案分析与探讨,希望能给各民营码头在堆场管理和利用上起到借鉴作用.     

城市交通拥堵问题浅析

本文介绍了城市交通拥堵的现状,分析了导致拥堵原因,提出了解决拥堵问题的措施.