新时期铁路局计量管理工作的探讨

叙述铁路计量工作的基本特性,从计量管理工作在新时期铁路局中的地位和作用视角出发,论述铁路局计量管理工作在新形势下的新任务和新目标,探讨铁路局如何又好又快实现计量管理工作新任务、新目标的技术举措。     

高铁环境下基于QoS用户业务的公平性功率分配算法

鉴于高速铁路(HSRs)通信业务的多样性,侧重于单一类型业务的传输优化方案,已无法满足用户业务服务质量(QoS)差异性显著提升的需求。针对HSRs通信环境,将用户业务分为时延敏感业务和时延非敏感业务,以满足用户QoS需求且同时兼顾占用无线信道的公平性为优化目标,研究了基站(eNB)平均发射功率约束条件下的功率分配问题。根据eNB能否预先获知用户的期望速率,分别采用了基于用户期望和基于预分配的功率分配策略。仿真结果表明,ε-Optimal比例公平算法的eNB发射功率较高且用户满意度较低;信道反演算法只针对时延敏感用户能较好地满足其QoS(最大耐受时延映射的期望速率),并且固定功率分配算法仅能够满足时延非敏感用户的QoS,两种算法均无法保证用户间的公平性;所提算法既具有较高的用户满足度,又较好地保证了用户间的公平性。     

Passenger oriented railway disruption management by adapting timetables and rolling stock schedules

In passenger railway operations, unforeseen events require railway operators to adjust their timetable and their resource schedules. The passengers will also adapt their routes to their destinations. When determining the new timetable and rolling stock schedule, the railway operator has to take passenger behavior into account. The operator should increase the capacity of trains for which the operator expects more demand than on a regular day. Furthermore, the operator could increase the frequency of the trains that serve stations with an additional demand.This paper describes a real-time disruption management approach which integrates the rescheduling of the rolling stock and the timetable by taking the changed passenger demand into account. The timetable decisions are limited to additional stops of trains at stations at which they normally would not call. Several variants of the approach are suggested, with the difference in how to determine which additional stops should be executed.Real-time rescheduling requires fast solutions. Therefore a heuristic approach is used. We demonstrate the performance of the several variants of our algorithm on realistic instances of Netherlands Railways, the major railway operator in the Netherlands.     

高速铁路常用供电方式接地回流研究

分析了在高速铁路常用的供电方式下，即带回流线的直接供电方式和AT供电方式下的接地回流情况，通过对2种供电方式下牵引网的等效电路建模、计算，得到钢轨电流和地中电流分布系数的近似计算公式，并对回流情况进行了分析。     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

重载铁路调度集中系统的研究

分散自律调度集中系统是将列车运行调整计划下传到各个车站自律机中自主自动执行;在列车运行调整计划的基础上,解决列车作业与调车作业在时间与空间上的冲突,实现列车和调车作业的统一控制.在重裁铁路上实施调度集中要解决重载运输干线上高密度列车运行条件下列车进路的自动排列.并对调车作业和列车作业进行冲突检测和调整.给出了重载铁路分散自律调度集中系统的整体结构,详细研究了针对重载运输组织的系统功能和特点.对重载运输铁路调度集中具有借鉴和示范作用.     

铁路电力自动化系统组网方式探讨

介绍铁路电力系统常规结构和铁路通信系统采用的通信方式,铁路电力自动化系统的发展和通信系统发展密不可分,两者互相影响共同发展。文章对铁路电力自动化系统早期采用过的典型组网方式及结构进行了介绍,并对目前新建铁路中普遍应用的新型组网方式进行了阐述。同时对铁路电力自动化系统及通信系统的发展给予深切的期待和展望。     

High-Speed Rail Operations on an Existing Network: An Assessment Model for China

High-speed rail operations have the potential to reduce the long-term decline in rail passenger travel demand for the medium to long distance inter-urban markets. Such decline has been evident through most of the industrialized countries where air and road transport tend to be the dominant modes. In China, the operations of long distance high-speed rail on fully dedicated track is not very easy to implement, due to the high proportion of passengers who travel between high-speed and conventional railways. An alternative approach would be to allow for mixed operations with trains of various speeds on the same track. This article puts forward a simulation model designed to allow an evaluation of the most efficient distance for high-speed rail operations under mixed train speed scenarios. The model takes into account the main operating parameters such as passenger volumes, train speeds, capital and maintenance costs, train operating costs and energy consumption. The distance of high-speed train running on conventional rail that will yield the most economic benefit can be estimated using the model. The article includes the results of using the model for a specific example. It is concluded that large-scale high-speed trains have the potential to be successfully operated on conventional rail networks.     

Changes in transaction costs over time - The case of franchised train operating firms in Britain

The significant effects of competition, franchising and vertical separation of rail infrastructure from train operation on the level of transaction costs are often anecdotally described in the literature. Although it has been shown that franchising has an effect on total costs, there is very little empirical evidence on whether franchising has an impact on the level of transaction costs over time. One reason for this is, of course, the limited systematic work on the measurement of transaction costs in railways. This paper builds on recent work that applied a top-down approach to transaction cost measurement to identify the size of the transaction sector within rail firms in different EU countries. In cross-country comparison particularly, British train operators turned out to be associated with high levels of transaction costs. However, since the previous work focused on a single fiscal year it did not show any longitudinal effects within one institutional environment or country. Therefore, this paper focuses on British franchised passenger train operating firms and aims to reveal how the transaction sector within those firms has changed over the period 1996/1997-2007/2008 and whether the franchise contract details, such as contract length or the franchising regime, matter. It also aims to estimate the resulting changes in the level of transaction costs and their share in total operating costs for the first time.     

胶济铁路干线调度集中系统的研究

调度集中系统是铁路运输调度指挥的重要行车设备，是提高铁路调度指挥效率、保证行车安全的重要系统。分散自律调度集中系统是综合了计算机技术、网络通信技术和现代控制技术，采用智能化分散自律设计原则，以列车运行调整计划控制为中心，兼顾列车与调车作业的高度自动化的调度指挥系统。现以胶济线为背景，详细分析胶济线的运输组织模式及运输作业特点，总结该线铁路运输规律，在此基础上提出了适用于繁忙铁路干线的调度集中系统方案，探讨了调度集中系统的应用对传统运输组织模式所带来的变革。胶济线调度集中系统的应用，为全路繁忙铁路干线实现调度集中指挥提供了示范。