A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

EH4与地震反射法在高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中的联合应用研究

EH4电磁成像系统是一套目前较先进的电磁勘探方法,具有探测深度大、设备轻、速度快、费用低、精度较高、直观等特点。地震反射法具有探测深度大、对地形要求不高、可划分多层界面、能提供波速、精度较高等特点。文章首次把EH4电磁法与地震反射法联合运用于高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中,两者结果基本一致,由此成功解译出了隧道的软弱层、地下水及断层破碎带的位置,并划分出隧道的围岩类别,为高速公路长大深埋隧道提供了一种新的综合勘察方法。     

盾构法隧道纵向地震响应特性

采用土—结相互作用的动力有限元法,引入无长度的3自由度弹簧单元模拟纵向螺栓接头,分析行波波长、地基刚度与阻尼对盾构法隧道纵向地震响应的影响。分析结果表明:行波从水平方向输入时有突变弯矩产生,突变弯矩随波长和阻尼的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数对突变弯矩的影响相对较小;行波作用下,产生的接头最大轴力及最大弯矩值均随波长的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数及阻尼系数取值对最大弯矩值的影响较小。因此,建议在实际工程设计计算中要重视输入地震动参数的选择,且取较小的阻尼系数。     

地震作用下高速铁路桥梁的动力响应及行车安全性研究

将桥梁在地震作用下的运动方程和车辆振动方程，通过桥梁子系统与车辆子系统间的非线性轮轨接触关系联系起来，建立可考虑多点激励与行波效应的车桥系统地震反应动力学分析模型。以某高速铁路连续梁桥为例，对非一致地震激励下桥梁结构的动力响应及桥上车辆运行安全性进行研究，提出确保地震发生时高速列车在桥上安全运行的临界速度限值，可供实际工程设计时参考。     

铁路隔震连续梁桥地震碰撞响应研究

在地震作用下隔震桥梁的梁体位移比非隔震桥梁明显增加,使得相邻梁发生碰撞的概率增大。以1联3跨铁路隔震连续梁桥为例,选用3条人工地震波,采用非线性时程分析方法进行该桥的碰撞响应分析,研究梁间伸缩缝宽度和隔震支座刚度对梁间碰撞响应的影响。结果表明:随着伸缩缝宽度的增大和隔震支座刚度的增大,相邻梁碰撞的发生次数和碰撞力均有明显减小;地震作用下隔震固定墩墩底最大弯矩和最大剪力均随着隔震支座刚度的增加而增加。因此,在进行隔震桥梁设计时,应综合考虑隔震支座的隔震效果和碰撞响应,从而得到既经济又安全的隔震桥梁设计参数。     

地震荷载下土体应力分析与挡土墙土压力计算分析

地震荷载作用下,按现有规范采用拟静力法设计的挡土墙仍发生了各种破坏。为探索地震荷载下土中应力分布对于岩土抗震工程的作用,合理地进行挡土墙抗震设计,采用拟静力法对地震荷载进行描述,根据弹性力学理论并假设问题满足平面应变的条件下,推导地震荷载下土体主应力的大小和方向的计算公式。通过对该点Mohr应力圆的分析,给出挡土墙动土压力大小与土体裂缝深度计算方法。研究结论:(1)地震主动和被动土压力系数均随着内摩擦角的增大而增大;(2)黏聚力对地震主动土压力系数的大小无影响,对地震被动土压力系数的影响较小;(3)土体裂缝深度随内摩擦角和黏聚力的增加而增大。     

基于故障模式、影响及危害度分析(FMECA)的地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法

提出了一种地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法。该方法采用FMECA(故障模式、影响及危害度分析),对地铁车辆运营过程中的故障数据进行分析,并根据分析结果对当前的地铁车辆检修工艺进行优化,以提高检修作业的合理性和效率。以地铁车辆高压供电系统为例,说明了该优化方法在地铁车辆高压供电系统上的实施流程;结合相关标准的规定建立了定量化的地铁车辆设备危害性风险评价矩阵,用以确定故障模式的可接受程度;通过建立可接受程度与该检修项点检修等级的对应关系,最终得到检修工艺的优化方案。     

基坑开挖引起复合地基下卧双线地铁隧道附加荷载的计算研究

为研究基坑开挖时复合地基及竖向、横向"双洞效应"对下卧双线地铁隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响,基于Mindlin应力解,得到在复合地基侧摩阻力作用下隧道轴线上的竖向、横向附加荷载,通过迭代法计算得到"双洞效应"引起隧道轴线上的竖向、横向附加荷载,借助竖向、横向总附加荷载引起的隧道位移对比验证,并分析隧道位置改变对侧摩阻力和"双洞效应"引起隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响。研究结果表明:侧摩阻力和"双洞效应"对隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响是不可忽略的,其影响主要表现为减小隧道的竖向、横向总附加荷载,且影响范围不变;在施工条件和规范容许范围内,应尽量减小双线隧道之间的距离,以及增大隧道与基坑中点的距离;当需要严谨精确地计算小净距地铁隧道"双洞效应"引起的附加荷载时,必须选用迭代法计算。     

钱江四桥抗震性能分析

根据钱江四桥地震危险性分析得到的地震动参数,基于两水准设防、两阶段设计的抗震设计思想,采用反应谱和时程分析两种方法对该桥的抗震性能进行了比较分析,分析时考虑了桩-土的相互作用及材料、伸缩缝、支座等非线形效应影响。研究结果表明:钱江四桥的抗震性能满足预期的设计性能目标,不会因地震而破坏。     

Protective effect of polymer coating on the circular steel plate response to near-field underwater explosions

To understand the intrinsic strong interaction between the soft coating and near-field underwater explosion, a series of comparative live fire tests are implemented. Nine steel circular plates with three configurations (i.e. rubber coated plate, foam coated plate and bare plate) are tested using 1.5 g PETN detonator. The stand-off between the plate center and explosive charge is ranged from 3.41 to 1.14 times of the maximum bubble radius. The transient strain history of the plate and acceleration history of the metal base fixture are monitored. The whole explosion process including local cavitation and bubble motion is recorded by an APX-RS high speed camera. Test results show that the compressibility of coating layer is the dominative factor that controls its protective performance in the shock wave loading phase. The more compressible foam coating distinctly reduce the shock wave intensity by local cavitation before enters the densification phase, while the explosion bubble shape and even the direction of water jet can also be changed. But the attenuation performance in the bubble loading phase is not as optimistic as that in the shock wave phase because more deformation space is required while the core has often entered the densification phase.