Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

湿陷性黄土地基强夯和冲击压实技术经济分析

0引言湿陷性是指土在自重或附加应力与自重共同作用下受水浸湿后产生急剧而大量的下沉。国标中规定:当sδ≥0.015时,为湿陷性黄土。通常湿陷性黄土地基较多采用强夯法处理,其主要特点是适应性强,经济简便;而冲击压实技术是20世纪90年代从南非蓝派公司引进,具有减少工后沉降效果     

电动汽车复合驱动系统

电动汽车的复合驱动系统包括内燃机驱动和电力驱动，它综合了这两种驱动方式的优点。介绍了电动汽车的各种复合驱动结构，分析讨论了这些结构的优缺点，阐述了选择串联还是并联复合驱动结构时应考虑了主要问题，并给了一个单轴复合驱动结构的实例。     

功能性高分子复合材料用于混凝土路面快速修复的研究与应用

混凝土作为重要的工程材料之一,已在工业、农业及民用建筑中得到广泛应用。然而,由于混凝土本身的缺陷以及设计、施工上的问题,经常出现破损、开裂、腐蚀、老化等问题,严重影响其使用功能。从功能性高分子复合材料的作用机理、主要性能等方面进行了研究和探讨,通过大量工程实践,阐述其在高速公路混凝土桥面、路面修复的具体应用。     

增压空气驱动LiBr吸收式制冷复合循环的热力性能分析

提出吸收式制冷复合循环新模式，讨论了复合循环的热力计算。单效／双效复合循环有高低压2个发生器，高压发生器由高温级热源驱动，低压发生器由来自高压发生器的冷剂蒸汽与低温级热源联合驱动，实现高低温级热源的能量梯级利用。作为实例，对由高低温两级增压空气中冷器驱动的单效／双效复合循环进行了热力计算，并与单效循环和双效循环进行了热力性能比较。结果表明，复合循环的热力系数和制冷量均比单效循环高出15％，复合循环的余热利用量和制冷量分别高出双效循环153％和110％。     

玻璃钢双体快艇艇体结构设计

对玻璃双体快艇艇体结构形式的选择及复合材料设计进行了论证，列出了单，双体双艇船型主要参数及其区别，叙述了艇体的受冲击力特点和纵，横向的分布情况，并介绍了双体快的适用范围及结构设计中需引起重视的问题。     

SBS橡胶粉复合改性沥青性能研究

通过SBS橡胶粉复合改性沥青混凝土配合比设计及室内试验对其路用性能分析与评价.为SBS橡胶粉复合改性沥青使用提供可靠的理论依据.     

基于实验结果的有机静电感应三极管动态特性

根据采用有机半导体材料酞菁铜制作的有机静电感应三极管的测试结果，建立适当的动态小信号模型，对其动态特性进行仿真计算，得出器件的截止频率．通过对截止频率的分析，提出改善有机器件动态特性的方法．     

Biochemical composition of marine sediment from the eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica): High nutritive value in a high benthic-biomass environment

Within the SCAR's international EASIZ programme, as part of the benthic–pelagic coupling experiment, grain size and organic matter contents in marine surface sediment were measured. Samples were taken during the austral autumn of 2000 from 3 regions in the eastern Weddell Sea: Kapp Norvegia, Four Seasons Bank, and Austasen.In general, sediments were fine sand with a grain size fraction < 200 μm representing more than 40% of the total weight. The sediments from Four Seasons Bank (64 to 107 m depth) were coarser than those from Austasen and Kapp Norvegia (209 to 480 m depth), presumably due to winnowing of fine sediment at shallow depths. Organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.25% to 1.2% and constituted 10% to 97% of the total carbon. The samples from Kapp Norvegia presented the highest OC values. Overall, protein (PRT), lipid (LPD), and carbohydrate (CHO) contents were similar to those in sediment from cold regions (e.g., the North Atlantic and the Ross Sea) but higher than those in sediment from other Antarctic and more septentrional regions (e.g., the Ross Sea and the Mediterranean). The difference within the Antarctic is explained through the local conditions in Terra Nova Bay and Kapp Norvegia. In the Antarctic, PRT and LPD carbon were the main contributors to the biopolymeric carbon (BPC). In the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, the BPC accounted for more than 90% of the OC in most of the samples. More than 82% of the total PRT, LPD, and CHO were present in the fraction < 200 μm. This work remarks the existence of sediments with a high nutritional value persistent several weeks after the spring–summer pulse of fresh organic matter. It is also highlighted the high potential availability of these sediments (due to its grain size) for the benthic communities inhabiting this high-latitude continental shelf.     

一种适合于异型螺杆粗加工的方法

根据异型螺杆的加工原理，本文提出了一种适合于螺杆粗加工的插补算法。并以此算法为基础，提出了复合控制的策略，采用这种控制方法，可有效地提高螺杆粗加工的加工精度和生产效率。