CW11型独立轮转向架轴桥装置轴承故障的分析与解决对策

对CW11型独立轮转向架轴桥装置轴承故障原因进行了分析,并提出了解决措施。     

Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality

This study intends to empirically verify Jacobs’ urban vitality theory, which was based on the observations of her New York City neighborhood in the mid-20th century. To examine the relationship between the residential built environment and walking activity, we used telephone survey data consisting of 1823 valid samples from across Seoul, a city characterized by a high population density and a well-established public transportation system. Respondents were asked questions about their residential location, their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and their walking activities. This study then used geographic information systems to measure objective indicators of built environment variables within 500-meter buffer areas based on the home addresses of the respondents. Then, this study constructed multilevel regression models with walking activity as the dependent variable. Our results indicated that walking activity is associated with Jacobs’ six conditions for urban vitality, including land use mix, density, block size, building age, accessibility, and border vacuums.     

Walking accessibility and property prices

Walking is an imperative travel mode, especially for short trips. Walking accessibility, which is defined as the ease of reaching essential destinations in the walk-in catchment area, may affect property prices because residents are more likely to be willing to pay for this attribute. In addition, different categories of public services may have varied influencing directions and magnitude. These two hypotheses are tested in this study. Taking Xiamen, China as a case study, we estimate the cumulative opportunities of public services on foot and develop a set of hedonic pricing models (more specifically, two pre-specified ordinary least squares models, four Box-Cox transformed models, and two spatial econometric models) to estimate, whether and to what extent, walking accessibility contributes to price premiums (or discounts). Using a database of 22,586 second-hand residential properties in 358 multi- or high-storey residential complexes, we find that (1) walking accessibility to public services contributes to the variations in housing prices and plays a role in determining housing prices; (2) different categories of services have vastly divergent, even opposite, influencing impacts; and (3) walking accessibility to primary schools, commercial centers, and sports and cultural centers have positive effects on house prices whereas walking accessibility to comprehensive hospitals adversely affects housing prices. Methodologically, we confirm that spatial econometric methods improve estimation accuracy and have more explanatory power relative to the standard non-spatial models. Robustness check analysis further guarantees the plausibility of this study.     

后轮对独立回转转向架与传统转向架曲线通过性能的对比研究

利用典型的线性稳态模型对传统转向架和新型转向架（后轮对独立回转转向架）的曲线导向能力进行了分析。建立了具有14个自由度的非线性车辆模型,对最佳的一系纵向刚度布置（前导轮对的纵向刚度较小,跟从轮对的刚度较大）的新型转向架和传统转向架车辆的曲线性能进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,新型转向架的曲线导向性能优于传统转向架。     

Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

Land use can influence walking (measured by the number of steps) and so the health of people. This paper presents the result of empirical research on the impact of regional population densities (inhabitants per inhabitable area) on the number of steps (all steps, both outdoors and indoors). With data collected from almost 11,000 respondents in 148 Japanese regions, we estimate polynomial regression models, the total number of steps being the dependent variable and densities being the main independent variable. Regional population density significantly affects the number of steps after controlling for individual and household attributes. The estimated population density that maximizes the number of steps is around 11,000?persons/km². Increasing densities, up to levels of around 11,000?inhabitants/km², could increase walking and consequently the health of inhabitants. The population density elasticity of the number of steps is 0.046–0.049 in a simple log linear regression model without a peak.     

Extent and correlates of walking in the USA

This paper examines data about walking trips in the US Department of Transportation’s 2001 National Household Travel Survey. The paper describes and critiques the methods used in the survey to collect data on walking. Using these data, we summarize the extent of walking, the duration and distance of walk trips, and variations in walking behavior according to geographic and socio-demographic factors. The results show that most Americans do not walk at all, but those who do average close to thirty minutes of walking a day. Walk trips averaged about a half-mile, but the median trip distance was a quarter of a mile. A significant percentage of the time Americans’ walk was spent traveling to and from transit trips. Binary logit models are used for examining utility and recreational walk trips and show a positive relationship between walking and population density for both. For recreational trips, this effect shows up at the extreme low and high ends of density. For utility trips, the odds of reporting a walk trip increase with each density category, but the effect is most pronounced at the highest density categories. At the highest densities, a large portion of the effect of density occurs via the intermediary of car ownership. Educational attainment has a strong effect on propensity to take walk trips, for both for utility and recreation. Higher income was associated with fewer utility walk trips but more recreational trips. Asians, Latinos, and blacks were less likely to take utility walk trips than whites, after controlling for income, education, density, and car ownership. The ethnic differences in walking are even larger for recreational trips.     

冶金车辆重载车轮结构强度的计算分析

本文根据冶金车辆的特点和当前计算机的硬、软件环境,论述了用有限元法计算重载车轮结构强度时计算模型及单元的选择,并通过实例实现效果良好.     

CA8013型不落轮对车床的技术改造

通过对CA80 13型不落轮对车床的机械、液压仿形及电气控制系统等方面存在的问题及故障原因进行了深入细致的分析、探讨 ,得出造成机床故障的主要原因分别是机械轴承设计不合理、液压仿形系统不稳定和电气控制回路容量小等 ,占故障总数的 93 75 % ,经过方案论证、计算试验 ,提出了更换主传动轴承、液压仿形系统数控改造和电气元件、线路增容等具体措施。通过改造 ,显著地提高了机床的加工精度和生产效率 ,故障率下降了 74% ,取得了很大的成功 ,特别是采用数控技术对专用机床进行改造 ,为机务设备机电一体化改造探索了一条新路。     

自调节独立车轮走行部的动力学性能

自调节独立车轮走行部具有依靠重力刚度使车轮回复到径向位置的能力。建立自调节独立车轮走行部的运动方程,并采用踏面斜率的泰勒级数对重力复原力的表达式进行简化。自调节独立车轮轮副的摇头运动类似于单摆,其频率取决于接触点的踏面锥度。为衰减轮副的摇头运动,需设置一附加阻尼,阻尼比要达到0.5。提高自调节独立车轮的复位能力,需要车轮踏面具有较高的锥度,使用接触角踏面反推法设计了适合于自调节车轮走行部的踏面,建立相应的车辆横向动力学简化模型。仿真分析表明,自调节车轮走行部具有理想的通过曲线性能。     

“If I Walked on my Own at Night I Stuck to Well Lit Areas.” Gendered spaces and urban transport in 20th century Britain

Using photographs, this paper explores the gendered link between transport and the urban environment. It becomes apparent that moving around in urban spaces is an experience which is or can be fundamentally different for women and men. From pictures I conclude that a historical analysis of gender and urban transport ought to be a straightforward task to undertake: women are clearly visible in the visual record of the transport environment. However, a look at the historiography shows that research on gendering the city mostly deals with workplaces, women’s employment, class and race segregation in urban areas, welfare programmes specially designed to helped women, urban housing and marginalisation of women, housewives, healthcare, homeless women and politics. Gender and transport is hardly to be found: how women move and moved through urban space has not received sustained attention. Further, the main body of scholarly texts lacks in historical concern, stemming from such diverse disciplines as sociology, geography, economic and political sciences, women’s studies and planning.