基于蠕滑机理的重载货车车轮磨耗研究

在多体动力学分析软件包SIMPACK中建立重载货车动力学模型,基于轮轨蠕滑机理在MATLAB软件中编制车轮踏面磨耗仿真程序WWS.根据车轮磨耗仿真结果和现场实测结果对Zobory磨耗模型进行修正.研究车辆非理想状态对车轮磨耗的影响,分析轮轨型面和转向架结构对车辆非理想状态的适应性.通过钢轨表面滚动接触疲劳损伤特征的研究,对车轮滚动接触疲劳和磨耗耦合关系进行数值模拟.主要研究内容和结论如下.     

K1000型钢轨焊机推瘤刀激光熔覆修复研究

为修复已磨损的推瘤刀,利用正交实验,确定出熔覆试验最优激光功率、离焦量和扫描速度分别为1.6kW,20 mm和4mm·s-1;据此进行相关的激光熔覆修复实验.熔覆材料以Ni60自熔性合金粉末为主,随着碳化钨(WC)粉末质量分数的增大,熔覆层的平均显微硬度和相对耐磨性先增大后减小,当WC粉末的质量分数为25％时,熔覆层的平均显微硬度和相对耐磨性分别达到最大值648.7 HV和3.49;在Ni60自熔性合金粉末和WC粉末的混合物中加入稀土CeO2粉末后,熔覆层深度小于1.0mm部分的显微硬度明显提高,超过700HV,能够满足推瘤刀刃口处硬度为56HRC的要求;稀土CeO2粉末的添加量对熔覆层显微硬度的影响不大;当WC粉末和稀土CeO2粉末的质量分数分别为25％和1.5％时,熔覆层的磨损失重仅为3.4 mg.     

汽车用碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

在采用正交设计优化碳纤维复合摩阻材料的基础上，针对汽车制动器衬片的实际工况，研究了碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性及磨损机制分析了碳纤维含量、强度及表面状态等对磨损机制的影响。研究结果表明，碳纤维复合摩阻材料的磨损性能、工作寿命及抗热衰退性能均明显高于传统的石棉摩阻材料。     

混凝土冻融破坏机理分析及寿命预测

为提高高寒地带混凝土的耐久性,对混凝土的冻融破坏机理进行了分析,并对受到冻融破坏后的混凝土寿命预测方法进行了简介。分析表明,目前混凝土冻融破坏应用比较成熟的理论为静水压理论和渗透压理论,静水压理论和渗透压理论的主要区别就在于未冻水的迁移方向。混凝土抗冻性影响因素主要有水胶比、含气量、粗集料和掺合料。每种影响因素作用的机理不同,但都共同影响着混凝上在冻融环境下的耐久性。既有研究建立的混凝土冻融寿命预测方面还仅停留于理论层面,能够指导工程实践应用的寿命预测模型仍有待进一步研究。     

激光熔覆方法增强自卸车钢板耐磨性能研究

磨损是影响自卸车车厢使用寿命的主要原因之一,研究利用激光熔覆方法,制备出含有TiC、VC增强颗粒的熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪、电子探针、透射电镜对增强颗粒进行微结构分析;利用滑动磨损试验机研究了熔覆层的耐磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆层的耐磨性明显好于Q235板材。     

汽车同步环材料的研究

高强度耐磨黄铜是作为汽车同步器锥环的理想材料。这种材料之所以具有优良的综合机械性能和耐磨损性能,是因为材料中的Mn、Fe或Ni、Co等元素和Si或Al形成显微硬度很高的硅化物或铝化物颗粒,这些颗粒均匀而弥散分布于β(或α+β)基体上,形成了理想的软基体+硬质点的耐磨组织。正确地选用合金元素,合理地设计合金成分和采用一定的热处理工艺可以控制显微组织中硬质颗粒相的粒度、密度和分布,从而使材料的综合性能达到最佳状态。     

中型载货汽车轮胎异常磨损的原因分析及解决措施

中型载货汽车轮胎常发生异常磨损现象，磨损形式是横向花纹轮胎呈锯齿状磨损，从胎冠上方向下看，胎肩处花纹块呈前高后低状，也有少部分呈前低后高状，形状似锯齿；纵向花纹轮胎一侧胎肩磨损明显大于另一侧。分析了此现象产生的原因，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

岸边起重机结构表面防腐涂料的发展趋势

良好的表面防腐涂装对保证岸边起重机金属结构长期安全有效工作十分重要。以氟碳面漆取代聚氨酯面漆,可显著提高漆面的耐久性、耐候性、耐腐蚀性,并具有优异的自清洁性和耐冲刷性。要保证氟碳面漆的优异性能,必须选用合适的树脂原料、颜料、溶剂和助剂,并在涂料的生产和涂装施工过程中严格执行工艺要求。     

VGELES1800型摊铺机故障分析一例

以 VO¨ GEL E S180 0型摊铺机在摊铺工作中出现的故障为例 ,介绍了分析、解决问题的全过程 ,着重分析了熨平板严重磨损后对摊铺造成的影响 ,并提出了减轻熨平板磨损的几项措施。