新型码头钢-混凝土组合面板

基于特殊需要,提出了带型钢加劲肋的钢板-混凝土组合板这一新型组合码头面板。以加劲肋形式、组合板厚度和栓钉布置为参数,进行了9块组合板的力学性能试验。试验结果表明,通过适当地选择型钢加劲肋形式、合理地布置栓钉和确定混凝土厚度,可以保证组合作用的发挥。组合板的正截面承载力可按基于修正平截面假定的极限状态计算;组合板的变形,可在按现行钢结构设计规范计算的基础上,加上考虑界面滑移影响的附加变形值予以修正。计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

客运专线无砟无缝道岔温度力与变形研究

研究目的:分析无砟轨道基础上无缝道岔的纵向力传递机理,建立无砟无缝道岔计算模型,采用有限单元法计算了无砟无缝道岔受力及变形,并与有砟轨道无缝道岔进行了对比分析,为无砟无缝道岔设计提供参考依据。研究结果:无砟轨道基础上无缝道岔的纵向力传递机理、温度力和位移分布规律与有砟轨道无缝道岔明显不同。     

基坑开挖引起复合地基下卧双线地铁隧道附加荷载的计算研究

为研究基坑开挖时复合地基及竖向、横向"双洞效应"对下卧双线地铁隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响,基于Mindlin应力解,得到在复合地基侧摩阻力作用下隧道轴线上的竖向、横向附加荷载,通过迭代法计算得到"双洞效应"引起隧道轴线上的竖向、横向附加荷载,借助竖向、横向总附加荷载引起的隧道位移对比验证,并分析隧道位置改变对侧摩阻力和"双洞效应"引起隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响。研究结果表明:侧摩阻力和"双洞效应"对隧道竖向、横向附加荷载的影响是不可忽略的,其影响主要表现为减小隧道的竖向、横向总附加荷载,且影响范围不变;在施工条件和规范容许范围内,应尽量减小双线隧道之间的距离,以及增大隧道与基坑中点的距离;当需要严谨精确地计算小净距地铁隧道"双洞效应"引起的附加荷载时,必须选用迭代法计算。     

轨道交通U型梁桥下部结构纵向水平线刚度合理值研究

针对轨道交通U型梁桥的具体结构形式,建立了桥上无缝线路梁轨相互作用空间非线性有限元计算模型。分析了轨道交通U型梁桥的无缝线路纵向附加力,并对轨道交通U型梁桥下部结构纵向水平线刚度合理值进行探讨。研究结果表明,我国《地铁设计规范》及《京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定》等规定的桥墩墩顶最小纵向水平线刚度值应用于轨道交通高架桥设计明显偏大,可适当放宽。     

部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁附加变形计算

本文在滑移应变微分方程的基础上 ,建立部分剪力连接钢 -混凝土简支组合梁由滑移引起的附加变形方程及组合梁变形计算的一般公式 ,得到了部分剪力连接简支组合梁的附加变形和变形与剪力连接程度系数之间的关系与规律 ,公式简单实用     

Optimal bus fleet management strategy for emissions reduction

Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management.     

铁路预应力路堤加固技术数值研究

研究目的:铁路预应力路堤在国内外尚属一种新型路基加固法,其受力变形特性暂未得到系统化研究,相关加固设计理论仍处于探索性阶段。因此,有必要通过数值手段了解预应力路堤的工作状态,以掌握其加固性能。鉴于此,借助ABAQUS软件平台构建预应力路堤仿真系统,分析差异化预应力加固参数对路堤变形和承载能力的影响以及预应力加固构件的受力特征。研究结论:(1)路堤本体段坡面较优加固位置为距本体顶面以下0.3倍本体高度处;(2)坡率1∶1的预应力路堤在第1、2排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,其变形与承载力均可达传统路堤(坡率1∶1.5)水平,并可通过提升加固标准进一步强化路堤承载性能;(3)当对第1、2、3排侧压板分别施加50 k Pa、100 k Pa、100 k Pa预压荷载时,路堤内部附加围压S11>13.5 k Pa区域大致呈"x"形分布并形成横贯路堤的"预压加固区";(4)侧压板锚固区受力集中且复杂,应注意保障锚固区板体强度;(5)力筋在路堤加载前后的应力变化量与坡面侧向变形特征相关;(6)本研究成果可为铁路预应力路堤的加固设计提供技术指导。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

中长周期波浪条件下船舶航迹带宽度研究

针对现行《海港总平面设计规范》中航迹带宽度计算在中长周期波浪条件下存在的不足,对比分析国外航道规范中的研究成果,并通过船舶操纵模拟试验等技术手段,运用船舶外缘包络线法统计分析了不同航速、不同吨级的散货船在各种中长周期波工况下的航迹带宽度,给出了中长周期波浪条件下的波浪附加宽度参考值,并与国外规范中的设计取值进行了对比.     

北美铁路降低轮轨接触应力新进展

介绍了北美铁路在降低轮轨接触应力和轮轨作用力方面的研究成果.