列车与隧道环隙空间流场特性的研究

列车通过隧道时,列车表面与隧道表面之间的环隙流场特性,是隧道空气动力学的一个重要内容,也是研究和解决隧道活塞风的主要依据之一.本文从管道湍流理论出发,认为环隙流动由两种流动组合而成:一是由环隙压力梯度产生的Poiseuille型粗糙区湍流;一是由列车表面曳力产生的 Couette型湍流.根据粗糙区管道湍流理论,利用镜像原理和相对运动原理,通过流动变换,建立Couette型湍流的基本关系;应用时均湍流性质和坐标变换方法,得出环隙组合流动规律;提出环隙流动的速度分布关系式和特征速度位置的关系式;确定与壁面剪切力密切相关的壁摩擦速度.本文的研究内容可为解决隧道活塞风问题提供参考.     

Flow resistance characteristics of water in narrow annulus during heat exchange

Considering the special resistance characteristics of fluids flowing through ducts with small gaps, experiments are per-formed to investigate the resistance characteristics of single-phase water, which is forced to flow through vertical annuli. The gap sizes are 0.9, 1,4 and 2.4ram, respectively. The experiments are conducted under condition of 1 atm. The water in the annuli is heated by high temperature water reversely flowing through the inner tube and the outer annulus. The results show that the flow pattern begin to change from laminar to turbulent before Reynolds number approaches 2000, the flow resistance in annulus has llttie relations with the temperature difference and ways of being heated, but mainly depends on the ratio of mass flux to the width of annulus.