A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

Multibody dynamics modelling of the freight train bogie system

Previous work in the railway technology laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) focused on better capturing the dynamics of the friction wedge, modelled using three-dimensional rigid body dynamics with unilateral contact conditions. The current study extends the previous work to a half-bogie model treated as an application of multibody dynamics with unilateral contact to model the friction wedge interactions with the bolster and the sideframe. The half-bogie model was derived using MATLAB and functions as a three dimensional, dynamic, and multibody dynamics model comprised of four rigid bodies: a bolster, two friction wedges, and a sideframe assembly. This expanded model allows each wedge four degrees of freedom: vertical displacement, longitudinal displacement (between the bolster and sideframe), pitch (rotation around the lateral axis), and yaw (rotation around the vertical axis). The bolster and the sideframe are constrained to have only the vertical degree of freedom. The geometry of these bodies can be adjusted for various simulation scenarios. The bolster can be initialised with a pre-defined yaw (rotation around the vertical axis) and the sideframe may be initialised with a pre-defined pitch/toe (rotation around the lateral axis). The results of the multibody dynamics in half-bogie model simulation are shown in comparison with results from NUCARS^®, an industry standard in train-modelling software, for similar inputs.     

波纹地板与枕梁过渡结构研究

介绍了现存几种枕梁与波纹地板过渡结构存在的问题,并分析其原因。通过对下翻式波纹地板的6种方案进行计算分析,提出解决问题的建议,并对上翻式波纹地板进行改进。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

160 km/h高速货车转向架的研制

根据高速货车转向架的运用要求和运用条件,确定了160km/h高速货车转向架的主要技术参数;提出了整体焊接构架式有摇枕转向架的结构形式,介绍了其主体结构情况;结合转向架静强度和疲劳试验、线路动力学试验结果,得出了转向架设计是较为成功的结论。     

铁路货车摇枕断裂疲劳失效分析研究

2004年底在黑龙江某地的维修检查中发现某铁路货车1位摇枕裂断,整个断面均为新断面,无旧痕。在裂纹源附近的断口分别进行扫描电镜和金相观察检验,测试了摇枕材料的常规理化性能指标。结果表明断口面上可见人字状裂纹扩展台阶,由摇枕的底部向上部扩展,断口并无明显疲劳断裂贝纹线特征;裂纹源区铸造缺陷及局部富含大量有害元素,如Pb、Sn、S等;常规理化性能检验结果符合标准要求。综合分析认为,摇枕裂断属于脆性断裂,与多种因素相关,但是裂纹源区铸造缺陷及局部富含大量有害元素应是造成疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的主要原因。     

250km/h动车组转向架钢板焊接结构枕梁研制

介绍了新研制的速度250 km/h城际动车组转向架的主要技术参数、钢板焊接结构枕梁的基本特点及有限元分析计算。     

悬挂式单轨车辆摇枕强度分析

在国内尚无有关悬挂式单轨转向架摇枕强度计算标准的情况下,结合EN 13749、UIC 515相关标准规定,以及悬挂式单轨转向架摇枕工作特点,分析出悬挂式单轨转向架摇枕的加载种类和加载条件,设计出模拟超常工况和运营工况的载荷组合。通过大型有限元计算软件ABAQUS对悬挂式单轨转向架摇枕进行了静强度分析计算,计算结果表明:摇枕承受应力最大位置为其内部加强筋与下底板焊接处。最后利用Goodman疲劳极限图对其进行疲劳判定。计算结果表明:悬挂式单轨车辆摇枕整体结构满足静强度以及疲劳强度要求。     

TRIBON M3锚台生产设计放样

近年来,船东和船厂对锚台生产设计放样精度要求越来越高,然而锚台生产设计精确放样一直是船舶界公认的难题。通过在一系列船舶生产设计项目中不断地与船厂、详细设计部门沟通和摸索,逐步总结出一套基于TRIBON M3平台的锚台生产设计放样方法。该方法已经得到了众多船东和船厂的认可与好评。以实际项目为例,介绍TRIBON M3锚台生产设计放样的具体操作方法及步骤。     

转向架摇枕强度的计算及结构优化

利用有限元分析软件对出口纳米比亚客车转向架摇枕建立了力学模型,并进行强度分析,达到对其结构优化的目的。