青藏铁路大风天气运输组织方法

青藏高原大风天气多,空气密度小,大风对铁路运输安全的影响与低海拔地区差异较大。利用车辆动力学原理建立列车临界翻车风速模型,分别计算青藏铁路海拔3 000 m和4 000 m冻土和非冻土地区的临界翻车风速和危险翻车风速,以及给定风速条件下车辆限制速度。计算结果表明,青藏铁路临界翻车风速随海拔升高而增大,随冻土路基病害出现而降低。参考英、日等国大风标准,结合青藏铁路的特点,根据危险翻车风速和临界翻车风速,初步提出青藏铁路海拔4 000 m地区安全行车标准及特定运行条件、冻土地区线路出现病害情况下的安全行车标准及特定运行条件。提出列车限速运行、增加车辆载重、提高列车编组水平、提高司机操作水平、改善棚车顶部外形、加强货运检查、注意车辆防溜和风沙地区线路检查等大风天气运输组织措施。     

非洲高温干旱强蒸发地区抗渗混凝土施工技术

就高温、干旱、强蒸发环境对抗渗混凝土的影响进行了分析,从抗渗混凝土作用原理,高温、强蒸发对新拌混凝土性质的影响,对混凝土硬化性质的影响,外加剂的使用4个方面进行了论述;提出了采用缓凝、补偿收缩、温度控制等解决方法;进行了水箱抗渗混凝土配合比设计、混凝土浇筑、养护及施工缝处理等技术研究;解决了防止了水箱混凝土的微裂缝,满足抗渗要求的问题,达到了水箱不漏不渗的效果。     

Q355GNHD高耐候钢在动车组中的焊接运用

详细介绍了出口突尼斯动车组车体钢结构的特点,通过各部位焊接工艺试验,结合车体钢结构组装焊接工艺,选取了与之匹配的焊接材料Q355GNHD高耐候钢,确定了合适的焊接工艺参数,并制定出该车的生产工艺方案,满足了产品设计的制造需要。     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Delivering improved alerts,warnings, and control assistance using basic safety messages transmitted between connected vehicles

When vehicles share their status information with other vehicles or the infrastructure, driving actions can be planned better, hazards can be identified sooner, and safer responses to hazards are possible. The Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) is underway in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the purpose is to demonstrate connected technologies in a real-world environment. The core data transmitted through Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (or V2V and V2I) applications are called Basic Safety Messages (BSMs), which are transmitted typically at a frequency of 10 Hz. BSMs describe a vehicle’s position (latitude, longitude, and elevation) and motion (heading, speed, and acceleration). This study proposes a data analytic methodology to extract critical information from raw BSM data available from SPMD. A total of 968,522 records of basic safety messages, gathered from 155 trips made by 49 vehicles, was analyzed. The information extracted from BSM data captured extreme driving events such as hard accelerations and braking. This information can be provided to drivers, giving them instantaneous feedback about dangers in surrounding roadway environments; it can also provide control assistance. While extracting critical information from BSMs, this study offers a fundamental understanding of instantaneous driving decisions. Longitudinal and lateral accelerations included in BSMs were specifically investigated. Varying distributions of instantaneous longitudinal and lateral accelerations are quantified. Based on the distributions, the study created a framework for generating alerts/warnings, and control assistance from extreme events, transmittable through V2V and V2I applications. Models were estimated to untangle the correlates of extreme events. The implications of the findings and applications to connected vehicles are discussed in this paper.     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

大型活动交通影响评价方法

大型活动吸引和产生的突增交通量会造成周边地区的交通拥挤。通过比较大型活动与大型商业建设项目的交通影响评价特点和分析大型活动交通管理的影响因素,分别针对“提供一次性服务的大型活动”和“提供长效服务的大型活动”,设计了交通需求的预测方法。以交叉口服务水平分析方法为基础,提出一种了大型活动的交通影响评价方法。以长春市南岭体育场举办的“中国足球甲A联赛”为对象,运用Vissim微观交通仿真软件对所提出的方法进行了初步验证。结果表明,在大型活动条件下,所提出的方法能够确定需要进行交通管制的空间范围。     

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算

污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算是城市污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理的基础性工作。该文从污水管网系统规划设计和运行管理两个方面阐述了污水管网系统节点流量模拟计算的内涵,并对该领域的未来发展作了展望。     

Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature

Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users.