感应充电路面技术研究现状与展望

以感应充电技术(Inductive Power Transfer,IPT)为主要特征的充电路面(Electrified Road,e-Road)近年来发展迅速，其可为行进中的电动汽车进行动态无线充电，有效解决电动汽车充电时间过长、续航里程不足等问题，是支撑未来公路交通电气化发展的重要储备技术。详细介绍了IPT系统的工作原理和性能特点，并总结了已有e-Road试验段的充电性能参数和技术就绪度水平。在此基础上，进一步从基础设施角度剖析了e-Road目前存在的主要工程问题及相关研究进展，内容包括：①深入分析了IPT系统工作时因高频磁场通过介电性路面材料所引起的电磁损耗对IPT系统充电效率的影响，并提出了可能的解决方法；②针对充电模块与普通沥青路面存在的力学兼容性问题，从结构受力原理、材料损伤特性等方面总结了e-Road复合结构产生力学损伤加剧效应的原因，并提出了耐久性优化措施；③针对e-Road环境可持续方面存在的不确定性，评估并对比了e-Road与传统道路的全生命周期环境效益，指出了e-Road环境性能研究对电动汽车全生命周期综合效益估算的重要性。此外，还从政策支持、安全性、价格因素等角度对e-Road进行了综合可行性评估，并对充电路面基础设施的未来发展进行了智能化展望，提出了e-Road与其他新型智能道路技术进行有机融合的可能途径。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

论我国现行《环境保护法》的完善及环境立法走向

近年来，在环境法理论和实践中出现的对“环境公益诉讼”、环境NGO的研究热、实践热，2005年前后中国发生的数起重大的环境侵害纠纷争议案件、2005年底《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》的颁布，2006年“十一五”规划的实施和第六次全国环境会议的召开，所有这些促成本文对现行的环境法制建设和环境保护立法进行新的思考。     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

积极开展牵引电气设备的绿色设计研究

阐述了开展绿色设计的重要意义,介绍了资源最佳利用原则、环境设计原则、产品结构设计原则、社会经济效益最佳原则以及绿色设计技术和方法的研究等.     

绿色港湾建设

结合国内外10大著名港口实例,从规划设计、结构选型、使用年限确定、旧有建筑物的改造和再利用、提高环保理念和健全法规等方面,论述了＂绿色港湾＂建设的必要性和可行性,以探研绿色港湾建设及其相关概念,并提出建议。可供规划设计人员参考。     

硬咬合桩在含承压水复杂软土地层中的应用

通过上海某水厂基坑的咬合桩围护施工,分析了在含承压水的复杂软土地层中采用全套管全回转钻机进行硬切割成孔的咬合式排桩施工易出现的问题,以及采用的相应施工措施和施工要点,保证了工程的施工质量,为以后类似工程施工提供借鉴和参考.     

USV复杂水域环境综合感知技术

从无人水面艇（Unmanned Surface Vessel,USV）所处的工作环境,分析单目摄像头、双目摄像头、海事雷达、激光雷达等传感器的组成原理、优缺点、性能测试。介绍多传感器数据在USV上的融合原理、融合流程及其应用情况。经过实船海上试验,多传感器数据融合指标良好,较好地解决USV在复杂水域安全航行的感知技术问题。所描述的感知技术,对设计和研发搭载不同任务的USV,识别不同工作场景环境,具有积极的参考价值。     

铁路建设项目施工期环境监测指标体系的探讨

施工期的生态保护与环境污染控制是铁路建设项目环境保护工作的重点。开展铁路建设项目施工期环境监测,用现场监测数据来定量分析说明环境问题,可以为指导施工、保护环境及预防环境污染事故提供重要的技术手段。铁路建设项目施工期监测须在环境监测工作规划及监测技术支持下,全面考虑水环境、声环境、大气环境、生态环境的多种环境要素,选取适当的指标,制定出一套既规范而又科学的指标体系,用于指导和开展施工期的环境监测工作,以准确地反映施工期的环境变化及存在的环境问题。     

客运专线环境影响特性探讨

客运专线主体结构以桥梁为主,具有不同于普通铁路的工程建设特性,从而导致不同的环境影响特性。如生态环境影响特点为客运专线桥梁工程桩基施工弃土量、泥浆处置量大,制梁场等临时工程占地多;声环境影响具有声源位置高、声源成分复杂的特点,随着列车运行速度增加,空气动力噪声和集电系统噪声显著增加;电磁环境影响特点,高架线路对电磁的遮挡、反射影响不容忽视,电磁辐射影响与车速呈正比。