伊朗城市轨道交通工程市场分析和开拓策略

通过对伊朗城市轨道交通工程市场的分析和评估,结合中伊两国经贸合作发展和我国企业的优势,提出对伊朗城市轨道交通工程的市场开拓策略。     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.     

广州地铁硬岩段土压平衡盾构掘进施工的对策

广州地铁3号线某盾构区间地质条件复杂,既有极为松软的淤泥质土、砂层,又有坚硬的微风化混合岩、辉绿岩等.分析盾构机在硬岩段掘进中刀具磨损的原因,并主要通过对盾构掘进参数设定、姿态控制、泡沫使用等方面的研究,提出在广州地区硬岩段土压平衡盾构掘进的施工措施.     

共享自动驾驶汽车经营策略优化分析

研究共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)与普通汽车共存背景下,SAV公司如何根据运营目标优化经营策略并影响通勤者出行方式选择. 假设高速公路上存在一定数量的独驾通勤者,无车通勤者在SAV和地铁之间进行权衡. 分析固定需求和弹性需求下,SAV公司追求系统总成本最小或系统净收益最大和利润最大时的最优经营策略,即SAV票价和容量,进而得到均衡时模式划分情况,SAV最优发车数,系统总成本或系统净收益,以及公司利润等指标. 算例对均衡结果进一步验证发现,SAV公司垄断经营会收取较高的票价,提供容量较小的车型. 在系统最优情形下,SAV公司无法获得正利润,需要政府补贴运营.     

自行车在城市交通中的定位

自行车交通具有方便、快捷、无污染的优点,但也存在不少问题,应认真研究其特点及其对城市交通的影响,以便对自行车交通进行科学合理的规划和引导,明确自行车在城市交通中的定位及发展方向。     

城市大型综合医院交通问题剖析及解决对策研究

近年来,随着城市化、机动化的快速发展,大型综合医院普遍存在的停车难、交通拥堵问题,逐步影响着市民日常生活,也限制了医院的可持续发展。文中以深圳为例,结合大量实地调查,对医院交通现状及共性问题深入分析。在此基础上,以医院现状交通问题和交通出行需求为双导向,遵循差异化、人本化的基本原则,从完善交通设施、调整停车供需、优化交通组织以及强化交通管理等方面提出相应的解决对策。     

Generating lane-based intersection maps from crowdsourcing big trace data

Lane-based road information plays a critical role in transportation systems, a lane-based intersection map is the most important component in a detailed road map of the transportation infrastructure. Researchers have developed various algorithms to detect the spatial layout of intersections based on sensor data such as high-definition images/videos, laser point cloud data, and GPS traces, which can recognize intersections and road segments; however, most approaches do not automatically generate Lane-based Intersection Maps (LIMs). The objective of our study is to generate LIMs automatically from crowdsourced big trace data using a multi-hierarchy feature extraction strategy. The LIM automatic generation method proposed in this paper consists of the initial recognition of road intersections, intersection layout detection, and lane-based intersection map-generation. The initial recognition process identifies intersection and non-intersection areas using spatial clustering algorithms based on the similarity of angle and distance. The intersection layout is composed of exit and entry points, obtained by combining trajectory integration algorithms and turn rules at road intersections. The LIM generation step is finally derived from the intersection layout detection results and lane-based road information, based on geometric matching algorithms. The effectiveness of our proposed LIM generation method is demonstrated using crowdsourced vehicle traces. Additional comparisons and analysis are also conducted to confirm recognition results. Experiments show that the proposed method saves time and facilitates LIM refinement from crowdsourced traces more efficiently than methods based on other types of sensor data.     

客流因素影响地铁正点运营的分析与对策

随着地铁客流量的不断增长,因客流因素影响地铁正点运营情况日益突出。通过对客流因素影响时段、站点、形式、范围等具体分析,把握和了解客流因素影响具有时间高度集中、组织难度大、影响范围广、联动联控性强等特点。针对这些特点,提出降低客流因素影响的相关对策措施和建议,从优化行车组织方式、加大客流控制力度、强化关键卡控和硬件保障、优化作业程序、开展宣传教育等方面入手,进一步挖潜增效,提高运营质量和运输服务水平。     

地铁地下空间的功能与商业空间开发

地铁的地下空间功能多种多样,编制地铁地下空间规划必须关注地铁地下空间综合功能.在地铁地下商业空间的开发中,确定商业开发量应建立在一定分析的基础上,才能为地铁站点地下空间的设计和开发利用提供依据.以成都地铁1号线南段地下空间的开发规划为例,着重论述了地铁地下空间的功能与商业开发.