潜射导弹无动力运载器的滚控暨分离技术研究

导弹水下发射无动力运载器需要滚动控制技术，但该技术在当前研制的静力分离运载器中难于实施。鉴于此，本文提出一种新的弹器分离方案－动力分离方案（即弹射分离方案），文中对动力分离运载器的结构和弹道性能作了较详细的介绍，并与静力分离方案作了较全面的比较。     

机舱油水分离设备的营运检验

船舶舱底水对海洋环境的污染、船舶油水分离器的工作效果直接关系到是否满足MARPOL73/78公约的要求。通过对营运船舶油水分离器的检验方法,保证船舶油水分离器的工作效果。     

高桩码头梁顶裂缝原因分析及控制技术

混凝土裂缝是困扰码头外观质量的“老大难”问题,而梁顶部位面层混凝土裂缝(简称梁顶裂缝)作为高桩梁板式码头中常见的质量通病,一直是工程技术人员的攻关课题。在宁波港北仑四期集装箱码头工程建设过程中,通过分析梁顶裂缝产生的原因,采取降低混凝土强度、梁顶部位割双缝等措施基本克服了梁顶裂缝,取得了较好的效果,也为同类工程提供了借鉴。     

Ⅱ级粉煤灰对海工高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

粉煤灰具有改善混凝土性能的作用,并在工程中获得大量应用。针对工程中常用Ⅱ级粉煤灰配制海工高性能混凝土的情况,采用2种不同电厂的Ⅱ级粉煤灰,研究了它们所配制的高性能混凝土的抗压强度和抗氯离子侵蚀性能。研究结果表明,Ⅱ级粉煤灰可以显著提高混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能,Ⅱ级粉煤灰海工高性能混凝土的抗氯离子侵蚀性能和抗压强度与其玻璃体含量、化学组成以及钙硅摩尔比密切相关。     

水下隧道立交段设计与施工方案研究

水下隧道已逐步成为我国跨江越海的主要交通方式之一,水下隧道立体交叉的情况也越来越常见。针对目前国内缺乏完善的水下立体交叉隧道设计及施工体系,以我国某座水下隧道立交段为研究对象,对立体交叉段做了总体设计,确定了主线与匝道的内轮廓;同时,基于ANSYS有限元软件对主线隧道及匝道开挖过程进行模拟分析,提出隧道主线及匝道的开挖方案。得出如下结论:(1)通过采取CRD法等进行开挖,将大断面化为小断面,分部开挖,双层支护,成功解决了水下隧道立交段施工安全稳定的难题,可有效确保水下立交段隧道开挖的安全;(2)开挖过程中应严格遵守"先下后上、错开施工、超前支护、减少振动、分部施工、及时二衬"的施工原则,能够保证隧道的施工安全;(3)应紧密结合现场实际量测数据对围岩及支护结构的稳定性进行判别,二次衬砌尽量紧跟初期支护施作。     

软弱富水Ⅵ级围岩隧道下穿道路及数值分析

研究目的:针对江门隧道软弱富水Ⅵ级围岩段隧道施工难题,为保证隧道施工安全及下穿段道路的运营安全,选择合适的超前预加固方式和隧道开挖方法。研究结论:(1)采用施作水平旋喷桩超前加固、大管棚超前支护和CRD工法进行开挖,保证了隧道下穿段的施工安全。(2)借助有限元计算软件,对隧道开挖过程进行全过程数值模拟,对开挖过程中围岩应力和位移变化趋势进行分析,确定施工控制和地表变形监测重点。(3)在施工过程中钢架需及时封闭成环,防止底部出现较大的位移,产生底臌现象。     

常规沥青的针入度等级和PG高温等级间的关系

选取了具有代表性和涵盖性的7种常规沥青试样,分别进行了薄膜烘箱老化前后的25℃针入度和多个温度下的动态剪切试验;测试了沥青胶浆以及经现场老化的常规沥青的25℃针入度及其PG高温指标。在综合分析各种沥青的试验结果的基础上,提出了常规沥青的针入度等级和SUPERPAVE的PG高温等级间的关系。     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.     

Congestion and pollution consequences of driving-to-school trips: A case study in Beijing

Parents compete for high-quality education for their children by enrolling them in good schools. However, in a Chinese mega-city like Beijing, three factors jointly lead to the spatial separation between schools and homes: the centralized public goods provision mechanism, the historical dependency in school location, and the constrained supply of housing in downtown. Without an adequate number of school buses, this spatial separation of schools and homes triggers the numerous long-distance driving-to-school trips by private vehicle during workday morning rush hours in Beijing. We use the start and end dates of “school holiday” as exogenous repeated shocks to the aggregate traffic congestion, and employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression approach to examine the congestion and pollution consequences of such driving-to-school trips in Beijing. We find that, all else being equal, workdays during school holidays have a traffic congestion index 20% lower than that of non-school-holiday workdays. Such a sharp reduction in congestion leads to a significant decrease in PM₁₀ concentration. Policymakers should lower such “extra” congestion and environmental costs via optimizing the spatial balance between school supply and demand.     

复杂地形条件下桥隧相连隧道洞口结构设计研究

蒙华铁路坪桥1号隧道进口洞顶基岩外凸、洞顶以下岩面高且直立、洞顶上部地形偏压高陡,地形条件极其复杂。营盘山大桥与坪桥1号隧道进口紧密相连,存在桥台与隧道洞门结构相互干扰以及边坡防护、隧道出洞和洞口场地布置等一系列难题,设计难度极大。为解决这些难题,通过对现场实际地形、地质情况进行研究,对比分析"整体式"与"分离式"桥隧相连结构的优缺点,提出桥台与隧道相结合的"整体式"桥隧相连结构方案;同时,针对地形偏压高陡,提出非对称结构设计方案,实现了隧道"零"仰坡出洞,解决了洞口边坡防护的难题;最后,提出架立临时贝雷梁的方案,解决了隧道出洞及洞口场地布置的难题。