Dynamics of ships running aground

A comprehensive dynamic model is presented for analysis of the transient loads and responses of the hull girder of ships running aground on relatively plane sand, gravel, or rock sea bottoms. Depending on the seabed soil characteristics and the geometry of the ship bow, the bow will plow into the seabed to some extent. The soil forces are determined by a mathematical model based on a theory for frictional soils in rupture and dynamic equilibrium of the fluid phase in the saturated soil. The hydrodynamic pressure forces acting on the decelerated ship hull are determined by taking into account the effect of shallow water. Hydrodynamic memory effects on the transient hull motions are modeled by application of an impulse response technique. The ship hull is modeled as an elastic beam to determine the structural response in the form of flexural and longitudinal stress waves caused by the transient ground reaction and hydrodynamic forces. A number of numerical analysis results are presented for a VLCC running aground. The results include bow trajectory in the seabed, time variation of the grounding force, and the maximum values of the sectional shear forces and bending moments in the hull girder.     

接地线对微机继电保护设备的抗扰度影响试验分析

为了提高电子设备电路系统工作的稳定性，同时泄放由静电感应在机箱上积累的电荷，避免电荷积累形成的高压导致设备内部放电而造成干扰，为设备和操作人员提供安全保障，接地是一项极其必要的措施。但在干扰情况下，接地线的接地效果及其对设备的影响到底怎样，还并未做过详细试验。针对与此，对微机继电保护设备采用不同接地线时所能承受的干扰电压进行试验，并总结分析，提出设计及工程人员实际工作中应注意的问题。     

城轨交通中交叉渡线上单边绝缘的设置

通过对25Hz相敏轨道电路和50Hz单轨条相敏轨道电路工程应用环境,以及在交叉渡线上电路构成机理进行分析,澄清25Hz相敏轨道电路在交叉渡线上设置单边绝缘和增设单边绝缘的必要性,以及取消50Hz单轨条相敏轨道电路在交叉渡线上单边绝缘的合理性。     

地下车站综合接地系统中若干问题探讨

讨论了接地电阻取值、人工接地网设置的必要性及合理性、自然接地极与杂散电流辅助收集网的关系等若干问题。阐述了部分解决方案。提供了一种可行的综合接地系统方案,可为人身安全及地铁运营提供有力保障。     

高速铁路馈线电缆的优化设计

针对不同长度的馈线电缆,通过理论计算及ATP仿真,采取适合的接地及补偿措施,将单相交流电通过馈线电缆在护层产生的感应电压控制在标准范围之内。     

基于面阵相机的接触轨几何参数检测系统

设计了基于面阵相机的地铁接触轨几何参数动态检测系统,分析了动态检测原理和流程,采用激光三角法测量接触轨几何参数,作为接触轨是否出现故障的判断依据。该系统结构合理,简便易行,便于实际操作。     

大功率交流电力机车接地回流装置电流导通能力计算分析

文章以HXD1C型机车为例,简要介绍了接地回流装置的基本结构及其工作原理,并对其在额定电流下的温升及短时耐受电流的大小进行了相应的计算分析。文中的研究成果验证了中间轴接地装置额定电流及短时耐受电流能满足大功率交流电力机车的性能要求。     

谈6135D型柴油机配气相位的检查与调整

分析了柴油机配气相位正确与否，对内燃机工作的影响和排除配气相位不正时故障的具体操作方法和步骤，以及正时齿轮无记号时的装配要领。     

高速铁路综合接地效果评价系统

以钢轨电位的降低程度为评价综合接地效果的指标, 分析了钢轨电位与综合地线接地阻抗和分流系数的关系, 开发了综合接地效果评价系统, 研究了影响综合地线接地阻抗和分流系数的主要因素, 对比了综合接地效果评价系统的理论结果与现场测试结果。分析结果表明: 钢轨电位随着综合地线接地阻抗的增大而增大, 随着分流系数的增大而减小; 综合地线的选材、土壤电阻率及横向连接距离对接地阻抗和分流系数有较大影响, 而埋设深度对其影响较小; 接地电阻、分流系数的理论值和测试结果差异分别为18%、5.62%。可见, 系统的计算误差较小, 可用于高速铁路综合接地系统的设计与施工。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.