A practice-ready relocation model for free-floating carsharing systems with electric vehicles – Mesoscopic approach and field trial results

This paper introduces a relocation model for free-floating Carsharing (FFCS) systems with conventional and electric vehicles (EVs). In case of imbalances caused by one-way trips, the approach recommends profit maximizing vehicle relocations. Unlike existing approaches, two types of relocations are distinguished: inter zone relocations moving vehicles between defined macroscopic zones of the operating area and intra zone relocations moving vehicles within such zones. Relocations are combined with the unplugging and recharging of EVs and the refueling of conventional vehicles. In addition, remaining pure service trips are suggested. A historical data analysis and zone categorization module enables the calculation of target vehicle distributions. Unlike existing approaches, macroscopic optimization steps are supplemented by microscopic rule-based steps. This enables relocation recommendations on the individual vehicle level with the exact GPS coordinates of the relocation end positions. The approach is practice-ready with low computational times even for large-scale scenarios.To assess the impact of relocations on the system’s operation, the model is applied to a FFCS system in Munich, Germany within three real world field tests. Test three shows the highest degree of automation and represents the final version of the model. Its evaluation shows very promising results. Most importantly, the profit is increased by 5.8% and the sales per vehicle by up to 10%. The mean idle time per trip end is decreased by 4%.     

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城市交通系统供需失衡是城市交通拥挤的症结所在。本文通过分析指出城市交通管理中存在的舍本逐末现象的主要原因在于缺乏对城市交通供需失衡根本原因的深刻认识及其对管理策略有效性的评估。为了准确把握交通供需失衡的机理，本文运用系统层次分析框架，将城市交通系统供需失衡划分为结构性失衡和耦合性失衡两类，并指出交通供需双方是一种有利益冲突和动态反应特性的博弈关系，通过这种博弈关系对城市交通供需平衡的影响分析，分别给出了调节城市交通供需平衡关系的两个层次的策略框架。     

特大城市轨道交通线网规模综合效应测算模型研究

为研究影响特大城市轨道线网规模宏观因素的综合效应机理,在定性分析的基础上进行轨道线网综合效应测算模型的量化研究。在考虑人口、土地、经济与环境4项主要影响因素的基础上,进一步引入城市总体职住不均衡性与轨道交通线网基本形态判别2项指标,依照相关适用性,综合以上各要素,构建线网规模的分段性测算模型,以匡算其合理范围。最后以成都市为例对测算模型的结果进行比较分析,证明所提出的测算模型可行且具有较好的适用性。     

客货混跑山区铁路供用电品质综合测试与治理

我国客货混跑山区铁路具有线路崎岖蜿蜒、长大坡度多、沿线电网容量小等特点,且存在交直交机车和交直机车混跑情况,会造成牵引变电所功率因数低及谐波含量超标等电能质量问题,对线路正常运行形成挑战。以某山区客货混跑电气化铁路为例,开展供用电品质综合测试,基于相关标准,对电压偏差、功率因数、三相电压不平衡、谐波等电能质量指标进行定量分析,为山区牵引变电所的设计、建设与安全运营提供参考。针对功率因数和谐波问题,提出一种电气化铁路用电品质补偿装置进行治理,以保障山区铁路安全高效运行。     

A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

Disturbance compensation with a torque controllable steering system

Via a conventional steering system the driver perceives desired and disturbing effects such as road feedback and resonance effects, respectively. They appear with overlapping frequency spectra within the driver's steering torque. This paper introduces a control algorithm that is suppressing periodic disturbances without affecting useful steering road feedback attributes as well as regular power assistance characteristic. This is realised by an integrated torque actuator within the steering column in conjunction with a conventional Hydraulic-assisted Power Steering (HPS) system.     

Exchange of carbon by an upwelling filament off Cape Ghir (NW Africa)

We have studied the physicochemical and biological structure of a permanent filament off Cape Ghir (31°N) and estimated the transport of organic matter associated with it. The seaward filament exported coastal upwelled water, with low temperature and salinity and high organic matter, to the open ocean even in the absence of upwelling-favorable conditions. The estimated flux of excess organic carbon (the nonrefractory pool) expressed in annual basis yielded a value of 3.1×10⁹ kg C, from which 90% was transported as dissolved organic carbon. This flux represents about 63% of the average annual primary production for the region of study. We conclude that the net-offshore transport may contribute to the enrichment of offshore oligotrophic waters throughout the year, partly explaining the metabolic imbalance found in open ocean waters of the subtropical Northeast Atlantic.     

基于最小二乘法的曲轴振动不平衡信号分析

曲轴机构振动是柴油机整体振动的核心,加强柴油机曲轴机构的动态特性分析是研究柴油机振动机理和实施振动监测与故障诊断工作的重要内容。文章首先对曲轴机构的不平衡原因进行综合分析,然后设定曲轴振动信号,并结合最小二乘法原理对曲轴振动信号进行拟合,最后利用实验数据进行曲轴振动信号的不平衡量分析,并验证了本课题研究方法的可行性,为异常不平衡信号测取与分析提供方法与依据。     

国内带状城市轨道交通规划发展要点分析

通过对带状城市存在的阻隔体特征、不均衡特征和轴向流特征进行研究,提出不同类型的轨道交通概念网络形态,进而分析该类型城市轨道交通规划中应重点关注的轴线通道数量问题,快慢行系统衔接问题,主干线、区域线的衔接问题以及与城市规划、建设的配套问题等。阐明带状城市发展轨道交通必要性强,迫切度较高,宜超前规划,循序渐进,同时轨道交通宜以中低运量、新型制式为主,以备同类城市借鉴。     

拖车离合器鼓动平衡工装设计及应用

针对某出口俄罗斯的拖车因离合器鼓旋转产生的不平衡惯性力引起拖车的剧烈振动的状况,对拖车的离合器鼓进行了动平衡工装设计及校正试验,校正及试验后大大降低了拖车系统的振动,同时也提高了盘类转子动平衡试验及应用的能力。