The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

基于可靠性方框图与蒙特卡洛仿真的船舶配电网可靠性分析方法

国船舶工业发展迅速,尤其在近几年迎来了跨越式的发展。船舶建设工业的发展能充分体现一个国家的经济和国防建设水平。但船舶配电网拓扑结构与陆上电网不尽相同,其运行环境非常恶劣,供电连续性和可靠性成为衡量船舶生命力的重要指标,同时也深刻影响大型船舶的平均寿命。因此,可靠性研究在船舶建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本研究以典型大型船舶中压配电网结构为研究对象,在全系统元件正常运行时相互独立的情况下,重点研究不可维修与可维修下的系统可靠度、MTBF、可用度、停运时间和失效数等,并进行详细的分析与讨论。首先,本文综合考察各种可靠性分析方法的适用性和准确性,选择利用可靠性框图、最小路集分析法计算并分析不可维修情况下系统的可靠度、平均故障间隔时间等可靠性指标；接着,本文简述了配电网的多种维修任务类型,并采用最小路集法与蒙特卡洛仿真法相结合的方法计算并分析可维修系统的可用度、停电时间、失效数等指标。本文研究结果对船舶配电网的设计、建造、运行和维修等具有积极的意义。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

福州东(樟林)车辆段工艺设计实践与创新

随着铁路建设的发展,福建省境内货车保有量大幅度增长,货车检修任务量增加迅速。樟林编组站位于福州枢纽,具备良好的扣车条件,在此新建1处货车车辆段将解决整个福建省货车的定期检修工作,而且能保障列车的运行安全,节约运输成本以及货车周转时间。福州东车辆段出入段线下穿既有温福铁路,有利于行车组织、运营安全。总图因地制宜全创新提出存车线(预检预修)与修车库贯通布置方案。充分梳理预检预修与架落车工艺,提出独立设置预检预修设施。论述抛丸除锈设备独立设置、转向架单臂悬挂检修流水线等修车库与联合车库创新设计,福州东(樟林)车辆段设计实现了创新理念和工程实际的协调统一。     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

狗左右心室和肺循环功能的同步测定与评价

本文介绍了狗左、右心室和肺循环功能的同步测定方法,并同时观察了左、右心室收缩、舒张性能、泵功能和肺循环功能的多项指标。在实验条件下,动物的生理状况在3小时内基本稳定。     

浅谈青藏线转辙设备的养护与维修

本文根据CTS2轨枕式转辙机本身的特点以及青藏铁路的管理模式，从养护、维修的角度，简要说明了CTS2轨枕式转辙机需要的养护工作量、故障处理方法、维修特点及在施工中要注意的问题。