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1.
以某动车段化粪池实际出水为原水样本,采用SBR工艺重点对COD、氨氮的去除效率进行了研究,确定了列车集便污水活性污泥法好氧处理曝气时间、DO值、进水主要污染物指标浓度范围等参数。试验表明SBR工艺对列车集便污水化粪池出水中的COD仅有50%的去除效果,曝气时间超过8 h对COD去除效果的提高作用不大;集便污水NH3-N浓度在1 500 mg/L以上时,停留时间为24 h,曝气时间达到12 h,去除率可以达到70%左右;NH3-N浓度为500 mg/L时,曝气8 h,可达到80%的去除效果;SBR反应器对TP的去除率在10%~40%之间。当进水为吹脱稀释原水,COD浓度在1 000~1 500 mg/L,保持DO值在2~3 mg/L,反应周期8 h,能够达到SBR反应器的最佳运行工况,COD去除率可达80%。 相似文献
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This paper offers an exploratory study of sustainable facility location. The methodology, based on the classical uncapacitated facility location problem, provides decision makers with a multi-objective optimization model to determine the trade-off among economic, service and environmental considerations. Our results indicate that it may be desirable to open more facilities than optimal from a narrow economic perspective to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of transport and to improve service reliability. 相似文献
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选择1辆满足国Ⅴ排放标准的轻型汽油车作为试验样车,应用全流稀释排放测试系统在FTP75和US06测试循环下,对车辆在不同测试工况下的N_2O排放水平、车辆N_2O排放的影响因素以及N_2O排放随着车辆里程增加的劣化情况进行了研究。研究结果表明:FTP75循环下的N_2O排放结果高于US06循环,前者是后者的4倍左右;在冷起动阶段,由于催化剂没有达到正常的工作温度,车辆会产生较多的N_2O排放,且随着燃油硫含量的增加,车辆的N_2O排放呈现上升的趋势;随着车辆里程的不断增加,车辆的N_2O排放存在一定程度的劣化。 相似文献
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在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6%山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20%以上,PN低于平路20%以上.道路坡度自0增大到... 相似文献
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潜流人工湿地基质除氮磷效果研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
通过测试分析研究了由碎石、陶粒、石英砂3种不同基质构建的潜流式人工湿地运行初期对N、P的去除效果.实验采用连续流进水方式,水力负荷控制在4.95~8.25cm/d,实验结果表明碎石为基质的单元对N、P去除效果最好,陶粒单元次之,石英砂单元效果较差.对TP平均去除率分别为90.34%、83.24%和71.02%;对NH3-N平均去除率分别为70%、48.68%和39.34%;对TN的去除率分别为59.48%、42.65%、30.26%.结果还表明,填料在湿地除磷方面起主要作用,选择基质对除磷非常重要;填料对氮的去除也有较大影响. 相似文献
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Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation. 相似文献
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