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1.
填石路堤的施工工艺是路堤工程质量控制的一个重要方面,施工工艺控制的好坏直接影响着施工质量。其中,摊铺工艺尤为重要。 相似文献
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Changes in sediment quality, with special reference to benthic habitat conditions resulting from macroalgae overgrowth, were studied in the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Data were collected biweekly in spring and summer from 1993 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2002, as part of the macroalgae growth control strategies managed by the Venice Water Authority-Consorzio Venezia Nuova. Benthic habitat conditions were studied by means of Sediment Profile Imaging, which allowed the collection of several variables: aRPD (apparent redox potential discontinuity), prism penetration depth, presence of anoxia on the surface of the sediment, presence of reduced gas bubbles, stage of benthic colonization. All these variables led to the calculation of an environmental index (Organism–Sediment Index, OSI), which was then related to physical variables and macroalgae abundance. Until 1996, the overall benthic habitat of the Venice Lagoon showed almost stressed conditions; from 1997, the seaweed biomass rapidly declined and the OSI increased significantly. The OSI seemed to be affected by seaweed biomass, sediment compactness and water depth. Macroalgae biomass greater than 4.5 kg/m2 led to the complete disappearance of stage III of benthic colonization; values as low as 0.70 kg m2 already had a severe impact on recolonization. SPI attributes indicated the main mechanisms that could have contributed to the benthic quality: seaweed proliferation is often followed by rapid decay of macroalgae biomass, especially when present in large amounts. The decrease in seaweed biomass often results in oxygen depletion in the water column and thus in the sediment, preventing complete benthic colonization. This research confirms the importance of in situ rapid reconnaissance surveys to assess the impact of eutrophication on the benthic habitat. 相似文献
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Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities. 相似文献
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大断面小净距隧道断面优化及其设计参数研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
顾洪源 《铁道标准设计通讯》2013,(2):85-89
对于大跨度小净距隧道而言,合理扁平率及双洞间距的设计对于节约成本,提高隧道线形规划具有至关重要的作用,因此,优化大跨度小净距隧道的扁平率及其间距是隧道设计施工面临的关键问题。以某双洞8车道隧道施工为研究背景,通过数值模拟及理论分析,对断面优化及其设计参数进行了深入研究。研究结果表明:随着高宽比的增加,拱顶位移逐渐减少,水平收敛逐渐增大,在高宽比为2.0时达到理想状态,这个时候的拱顶位移和水平收敛基本相同,此时断面有利于开挖。当高宽比取理想高宽比2.0时,这时应力较均匀,是开挖的理想断面,同时考虑行车通行的建筑界限,取高宽比为0.6333是合理的。隧洞埋深对塑性半径和周边位移的影响极大;弹性范围内的支护阻力与隧洞变形成正比;塑性半径随着围岩强度的增加而减小。 相似文献
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从铁道牵引变压器标准化的结构基本参数入手,利用Inventor软件采用Top-down设计思路,通过变压器基本参数建立结构骨架,然后与上级模块配合细化结构参数,完成初步结构设计,对结构优化完善,建立自适应模块,充实通用件库,最终完成总装配,生成与3D图参数关联的传统2D图纸,完成牵引变压器的设计。 相似文献
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简要分析了基于电力传动磨轨车辅助电源整流单元和逆变单元谐波产生的机理,对设置直流滤波器以及交流滤波器的必要性做了说明,重点阐述直流滤波器和交流滤波器的参数设计,并且通过仿真对参数选择做了校验.仿真结果及试验结果表明,滤波器参数选择对谐波的消除具有很好的实用价值. 相似文献