城市公交线网差异化计程票价多目标优化

为获取更加接近实际城市公交线网的票价策略，将出行者的社会互动行为与后悔心理引入广义费用，提出线路客流OD矩阵均衡算法；分别以交通管理部门利润最大化及出行者效用最大化为目标，以公交计程票价、发车频率、私家车停车费为变量，建立固定需求下公交线网差异化计程票价多目标优化模型.引入集群智能多目标优化算法求解，并应用于Mandl 标准公交线网.研究发现：以线路里程为标准，差异化计程票制可以有效降低出行成本；依据帕累托最优解调节票价，可以促进出行者选择行为向优势均衡转移.     

城际铁路票务系统票制问题的探讨

城际铁路既具有普通铁路的运营特点,又具有公交化运营特点,在一些城市还需与地铁实现同台无障碍换乘。通过对成都至都江堰铁路票务系统的需求分析,提出城际铁路票务系统票制问题的解决思路。     

轨道交通自动售检票系统国产化现状与展望

论述近10年来AFC系统的国产化取得的显著成绩和存在的问题:从起初基本依赖进口,到目前国产化率达到70%,但是现场终端设备(主要包括自动售票机及自动检票机)中的几个关键模块仍以进口为主,国产化遇到瓶颈。对AFC系统的现状进行论述,并提出对国产化的展望。     

网络化城市轨道交通AFC系统票务流转分析

为更好地完成车票管理工作、提高票务管理效率,根据管理方式将车票分为回收类和非回收类,分析这两类轨道交通专用车票的应用特点.在研究网络化运营环境下车票流转的运行模式的基础上,以中央清结算中心、线路中心和车站三级管理流程为例,详细分析回收类车票和非回收类车票的流转全过程,为今后网络化运营下AFC系统的车票流通管理提供理论参...     

城市轨道交通票款清分方法的研究

针对＂无障碍换乘＂模式网络化运营条件下的票款清分问题,提出一种基于广义出行代价的多路径选择概率模型,考虑不同出行时段、换乘代价对乘客路径选择的影响。在票款清分比例确定时,除考虑各线路运营里程外,还考虑分配换乘里程的因素,从而使得各线路的收益分配更趋合理。     

Validating and improving public transport origin–destination estimation algorithm using smart card fare data

Smart card data are increasingly used for transit network planning, passengers’ behaviour analysis and network demand forecasting. Public transport origin–destination (O–D) estimation is a significant product of processing smart card data. In recent years, various O–D estimation methods using the trip-chaining approach have attracted much attention from both researchers and practitioners. However, the validity of these estimation methods has not been extensively investigated. This is mainly because these datasets usually lack data about passengers’ alighting, as passengers are often required to tap their smart cards only when boarding a public transport service. Thus, this paper has two main objectives. First, the paper reports on the implementation and validation of the existing O–D estimation method using the unique smart card dataset of the South-East Queensland public transport network which includes data on both boarding stops and alighting stops. Second, the paper improves the O–D estimation algorithm and empirically examines these improvements, relying on this unique dataset. The evaluation of the last destination assumption of the trip-chaining method shows a significant negative impact on the matching results of the differences between actual boarding/alighting times and the public transport schedules. The proposed changes to the algorithm improve the average distance between the actual and estimated alighting stops, as this distance is reduced from 806 m using the original algorithm to 530 m after applying the suggested improvements.     

You (expect to) get what you pay for: A system approach to delay, fare, and complaints

In this paper, an analytical framework integrating delay, fare, and complaints with passenger air travel has been laid out. Examining aggregate monthly data for US domestic air travel, we have identified causal relationships among fare, complaints, and levels of delay. An analytical framework is proposed that formalizes these relationships in an integrated manner. This integrated framework is then estimated in a set of simultaneous equations by using 118 months of data from January 1997 to October 2006. Results show that complaints are influenced by levels of delays. However, complaints are positively influenced by average yield. These findings lead us to support the central hypothesis that complaints are responsive to levels of delays, but they tend to vary according to fare. That is, air travelers are less likely to complain in return for lower fares, even when faced with the same or even higher levels of delays. These findings have important policy implications, including the passengers’ bill of rights and regulator’s choice between market and operational performances.     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

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为了适应经济发展，我国许多城市加快了轨道交通的建设步伐。私营公司与政府签订合作协议，共同参与运营管理，这打破了以往一家运营商的垄断局面。如何在保证高质量的运营效率的同时，兼顾各家运营商的收益分配，运费清分的研究显得十分重要。本文分析了影响清分的主要因素和原则，建立有效路径选择模型和基于概率的多路径选择模型。采用改进的遍历算法以保证有效路径集的完整性。利用c++程序计算出各条路径的分担比例和各家运营商的清分比例，给出了提高清分比例的研究结论和建议。     

AFC系统多线路中心功能定位及建设模式分析

为明确多线路中心系统的内容与特点,分析该系统引入后单独设置以及与清分中心合设的两种情况;针对功能需求和安全需要分析多线路中心主系统和灾备系统的组成内容;多线路中心的建设简化与清分中心的接口,也引起各层级功能的重新调整,清分中心通过多线路中心上传的数据进行准确清分,多线路中心通过清分中心下发的命令实现对AFC系统的集中管理功能。最后结合实际建设情况,分析南京采取建立区域中心,互为灾备的模式;北京根据运营商的不同建立多线路中心,统一建设灾备中心;深圳建设单独的多线路中心,采取硬件扩容满足后期的接入。通过对各城市建设思路、建设方案以及特点的分析,为后续其他城市建设提供指导和参考,使不同城市可以依据自身特点灵活地建设多线路中心系统。