铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计

应用随机过程理论，分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布，得到货物运输延续时间的平均值，为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证，并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率，来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节，改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。     

基于随机Petri网的GSM-R双层网络建模与性能分析

利用随机Petri网,综合信道降质、链路中断、越区切换、灾害等因素,建立GSM-R的同站址网络与交织站址网络的故障模型,针对同站址与交织站址两种不同的网络结构,给出利用马尔可夫链求解可靠性与可用性的方法。通过马尔可夫链的有关概率分别计算:不同网络结构的可靠性;不同列车运行速度对应不同网络结构的可用性。分析计算结果表明:同站址网络的可靠性与可用性远高于交织站址网络,主要原因是同站址网络中一层基站业务中断时不会导致系统失效,交织站址网络中一层基站业务中断时,并联的另一层相邻两个基站均可以提供业务才不会导致系统失效。另外,同站址网络中越区切换速率较小,有效减小了列车越区切换对可靠性与可用性的影响。     

Airport capacity increase via the use of braking profiles

Many airports are encountering the problem of insufficient capacity, which is particularly severe in periods of increased traffic. A large number of elements influence airport capacity, but one of the most important is runway occupancy time. This time depends on many factors, including how the landing roll procedure is performed. The procedure usually does not include the objective to minimize the runway occupancy time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the way of braking during landing roll has an essential impact on runway throughput and thus on airport capacity. For this purpose, the landing roll simulator (named ACPENSIM) was created. It uses Petri nets and is a convenient tool for dynamic analysis of aircraft movement on the runway with given input parameters and a predetermined runway exit. Simulation experiments allowed to create a set of nominal braking profiles that have different objective functions: minimizing the runway occupancy time, minimizing noise, minimizing tire wear, maximizing passenger comfort and maximizing airport capacity as a whole. The experiments show that there is great potential to increase airport capacity by optimizing the braking procedure. It has been shown that by using the proposed braking profiles it is possible to reduce the runway occupancy time even by 50%.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

飞机防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度

分析了常见的3种飞机防冰腔结构,应用Gambit软件建立了双蒙皮防冰腔结构网格模型。采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型模拟热气在防冰腔内的流动状况,采用Fluent软件进行传热效率分析,建立了防冰腔结构参数对传热效率的重要性测度模型。通过随机响应面法建立防冰腔结构参数与传热效率的函数关系,采用低分散性抽样法求解防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度,建立了防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度分析流程。分析结果表明:当笛形管中心到外蒙皮的距离从35.15mm增加到38.85mm时,传热系数由0.505减小到0.463;当双蒙皮通道高度从2.85mm增加到3.15mm时,传热系数由0.495减小到0.476;当射流孔孔径从1.90mm增加到2.10mm时,传热系数从0.505减小到0.494;当射流孔角度从14.25°增加到15.75°时,传热系数从0.476增加到0.494。防冰腔结构参数的重要性排序依次为射流孔角度、笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离、射流孔孔径、双蒙皮通道高度,在防冰腔结构加工与装配过程中,需要重点考虑射流孔角度与笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离这2个参数。     

列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性分析

研究列车动力响应的平稳性和各态历经性对寻求列车动力响应随机过程的统计规律具有重要意义.基于多体动力学理论,采用多体动力学分析软件Simpack建立国内某高速列车动车车辆的多体动力学模型.采用三角级数法模拟得到的轨道不平顺作为随机输入激励计算得到列车以不同速度行驶不同距离的动力响应时程样本序列.进一步运用平稳性检验方法中...     

克隆选择算法在基坑支护位移反分析中的应用

在基坑工程中,传统的位移反分析方法计算量较大,不易掌握,且求得的岩土体力学性能参数的精度较低。为此,提出应用克隆选择算法求解位移反分析问题的新方法,其核心是采用BP网络为正演工具代替有限元方法,描述土体力学性能参数和位移的非线性映射,可减少计算量,并利用克隆选择算法为反演工具,通过反演分析确定土体力学性能参数,具有较高的精度。依据该反分析方法获得的岩土体力学性能参数又可以估算下一工况的基坑位移。仿真试验结果表明了新方法的可行性和有效性。     

刹车状况下桥上随机车流动态演化及车-桥耦合振动分析

为实现刹车时桥上多状态车流并行动态演化的高真实度模拟和时变汽车荷载与桥梁运动状态的时时耦合,首先从宏观和微观上丰富随机车流模拟方法,宏观上沿用交通荷载调查数据中的车辆顺序、车辆基本特性等不变量,以车辆间距为服从正态分布的限幅随机变量,形成深度融合交通荷载调查数据和交通流理论的随机车流高真实度仿真方法;微观上对车辆间距随机变量确定的关键状态-阻塞状态,引入加权速度,实现阻塞密度时车流的走走停停动态描述,采用考虑驾驶人状态的概率分布方法确定车辆时距;实现多密度随机车流的高真实度仿真。其次细化刹车过程模拟,建立车流差异化刹车模型：采用顺次对比方法,筛选桥长范围最不利刹车车流;引入停车视距,考虑驾驶人反应,区分头车和跟驰车辆,精细模拟车辆刹车动态过程和刹车车流演化过程,差异化确定各车辆刹车参数;实现桥上多状态车流并行动态演化模拟。第三建立刹车力学模型,并融入至已有正常车流的车-桥耦合系统,构建可考虑刹车状态的分析系统。最后确定桥梁典型响应和分析指标,以一座大跨斜拉桥为例,对多刹车工况下的桥梁响应进行分析。结果表明：桥上刹车状况一般会产生超过正常行驶状况下的桥梁响应,最不利单车道刹车状况下的塔根弯矩甚至达到跑车工况的2.7倍,简单采用规范冲击系数方法很难实现刹车响应的包络;刹车过程中的桥梁响应最值不仅与采取刹车的车辆数目和桥上车辆保有量有关,还受刹车作用与桥梁原响应趋势的顺逆程度控制;桥梁及桥上刹停车辆的总质量和桥上正常行驶的车辆决定桥梁响应时程曲线趋势振幅;典型桥梁响应的总体趋势,与车流密度和刹车车道数相关性较小,不同时段车流会对梁端顺桥向位移和塔根弯矩产生影响。     

新扩展强化非对称选择网的有界性与单调性

根据Petri网结构理论，讨论非对称选择网(AC)的一个子类：新扩展强化非对称选择网(NESAC)的有界性与活性单调性，判定NESAC网N结构有界的充分必要条件是，N被极小死锁簇覆盖，每个非空极小死锁H一定是个陷阱且满足|t^*∩|=|t^*∩H|=1，NESAC网仍然具有ESAC活性单调性的特征。